View source for 8dnu


==Human Brain Glutamine Synthetase==
<StructureSection load='8dnu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8dnu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.73&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8dnu]] is a 10 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8DNU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8DNU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.73&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8dnu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8dnu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8dnu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8dnu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8dnu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8dnu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLNA_HUMAN GLNA_HUMAN] Defects in GLUL are the cause of congenital systemic glutamine deficiency (CSGD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/610015 610015]. CSGD is a rare developmental disorder with severe brain malformation resulting in multi-organ failure and neonatal death. Glutamine is largely absent from affected patients serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid.<ref>PMID:16267323</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLNA_HUMAN GLNA_HUMAN] This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts.<ref>PMID:18662667</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
We recently developed a "Build and Retrieve" cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) methodology, which is capable of simultaneously producing near-atomic resolution cryo-EM maps for several individual proteins from a heterogeneous, multiprotein sample. Here we report the use of "Build and Retrieve" to define the composition of a raw human brain microsomal lysate. From this sample, we simultaneously identify and solve cryo-EM structures of five different brain enzymes whose functions affect neurotransmitter recycling, iron metabolism, glycolysis, axonal development, energy homeostasis, and retinoic acid biosynthesis. Interestingly, malfunction of these important proteins has been directly linked to several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. Our work underscores the importance of cryo-EM in facilitating tissue and organ proteomics at the atomic level.

A cryo-electron microscopic approach to elucidate protein structures from human brain microsomes.,Tringides ML, Zhang Z, Morgan CE, Su CC, Yu EW Life Sci Alliance. 2022 Nov 30;6(2):e202201724. doi: 10.26508/lsa.202201724. , Print 2023 Feb. PMID:36450447<ref>PMID:36450447</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8dnu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glutamine synthetase 3D structures|Glutamine synthetase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Tringides ML]]