View source for 8flg


==Bruton's tyrosine kinase in complex with an orthosteric inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='8flg' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8flg]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8flg]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8FLG OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8FLG FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=Y8C:N~2~-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-[(3R)-1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidin-3-yl]glycinamide'>Y8C</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8flg FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8flg OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8flg PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8flg RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8flg PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8flg ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Defects in BTK are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/300755 300755]; also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1 (AGMX1) or immunodeficiency type 1 (IMD1). XLA is a humoral immunodeficiency disease which results in developmental defects in the maturation pathway of B-cells. Affected boys have normal levels of pre-B-cells in their bone marrow but virtually no circulating mature B-lymphocytes. This results in a lack of immunoglobulins of all classes and leads to recurrent bacterial infections like otitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, sinusitis in the first few years of life, or even some patients present overwhelming sepsis or meningitis, resulting in death in a few hours. Treatment in most cases is by infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.<ref>PMID:7880320</ref> <ref>PMID:8013627</ref> <ref>PMID:8162056</ref> <ref>PMID:8162018</ref> <ref>PMID:7849697</ref> <ref>PMID:7849721</ref> <ref>PMID:7809124</ref> <ref>PMID:7849006</ref> <ref>PMID:7711734</ref> <ref>PMID:7633420</ref> <ref>PMID:7633429</ref> <ref>PMID:8634718</ref> <ref>PMID:7627183</ref> <ref>PMID:7897635</ref> <ref>PMID:8723128</ref> <ref>PMID:8695804</ref> <ref>PMID:8834236</ref> <ref>PMID:9280283</ref> <ref>PMID:9260159</ref> <ref>PMID:9545398</ref> <ref>PMID:9445504</ref> <ref>PMID:10220140</ref> <ref>PMID:10678660</ref> <ref>PMID:10612838</ref>   Defects in BTK may be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency (XLA-IGHD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/307200 307200]; also known as agammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency or Fleisher syndrome or isolated growth hormone deficiency type 3 (IGHD3). In rare cases XLA is inherited together with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
For the past two decades, BTK a tyrosine kinase and member of the Tec family has been a drug target of significant interest due to its potential to selectively treat various B cell-mediated diseases such as CLL, MCL, RA, and MS. Owning to the challenges encountered in identifying drug candidates exhibiting the potency block B cell activation via BTK inhibition, the pharmaceutical industry has relied on the use of covalent/irreversible inhibitors to address this unmet medical need. Herein, we describe a medicinal chemistry campaign to identify structurally diverse reversible BTK inhibitors originating from HITS identified using a fragment base screen. The leads were optimized to improve the potency and in vivo ADME properties resulting in a structurally distinct chemical series used to develop and validate a novel in vivo CD69 and CD86 PD assay in rodents.

Discovery of structural diverse reversible BTK inhibitors utilized to develop a novel in vivo CD69 and CD86 PK/PD mouse model.,Vandeveer GH, Arduini RM, Baker DP, Barry K, Bohnert T, Bowden-Verhoek JK, Conlon P, Cullen PF, Guan B, Jenkins TJ, Liao SY, Lin L, Liu YT, Marcotte D, Mertsching E, Metrick CM, Negrou E, Powell N, Scott D, Silvian LF, Hopkins BT Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2023 Jan 15;80:129108. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129108. , Epub 2022 Dec 17. PMID:36538993<ref>PMID:36538993</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8flg" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Marcotte DJ]]
[[Category: Metrick CM]]