View source for 8gwr


==Near full length Kidney type Glutaminase in complex with 2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-Dihydrobenzo[a] Phenanthridin-4(1H)-one (DDP)==
<StructureSection load='8gwr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8gwr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8gwr]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8GWR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8GWR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.801&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HZO:2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4-one'>HZO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8gwr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8gwr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8gwr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8gwr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8gwr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8gwr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLSK_HUMAN GLSK_HUMAN] Catalyzes the first reaction in the primary pathway for the renal catabolism of glutamine. Plays a role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Regulates the levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain. Isoform 2 lacks catalytic activity.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Glutaminase catalyses the metabolic process called glutaminolysis. Cancer cells harness glutaminolysis to increase energy reserves under stressful conditions for rapid proliferation. Glutaminases are upregulated in many tumours. In humans, the kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) isoform is highly expressed in the kidney, brain, intestine, foetal liver, lymphocytes and in many tumours. Glutaminase inhibition is shown to be effective in controlling cancers. Previously, we and others reported the inhibition mechanism of KGA using various inhibitors that target the active and allosteric sites of the enzyme. Here, we report the identification of a novel allosteric site in KGA using the compound DDP through its complex crystal structure combined with mutational and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry studies. This allosteric site is located at the dimer interface, situated ~ 31 A away from the previously identified allosteric site and ~ 32 A away from the active site. Remarkably, the mechanism of inhibition is conserved, irrespective of which allosteric pocket is targeted, causing the same conformational changes in the key loop near the active site (Glu312-Pro329) and subsequent enzyme inactivation. Contrary to the previously identified allosteric site, the identified new allosteric site is primarily hydrophilic. This site could be effectively targeted for the synthesis of specific and potent water-soluble inhibitors of glutaminase, which will lead to the development of anticancer drugs.

A novel allosteric site employs a conserved inhibition mechanism in human kidney-type glutaminase.,Shankar S, Ramachandran S, Tulsian N, Radhakrishnan S, Jobichen C, Sivaraman J FEBS J. 2022 Oct 19. doi: 10.1111/febs.16658. PMID:36259273<ref>PMID:36259273</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8gwr" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glutaminase 3D structures|Glutaminase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Jobichen C]]
[[Category: Shankar S]]
[[Category: Sivaraman J]]