View source for 8hv7


==Crystal structure of EGFR_TMX in complex with covalently bound fragment 9==
<StructureSection load='8hv7' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8hv7]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.69&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8hv7]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8HV7 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8HV7 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.69&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=N8O:~{N}-[7-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]prop-2-enamide'>N8O</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PE5:3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-OCTAOXAHEXACOSAN-1-OL'>PE5</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8hv7 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8hv7 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8hv7 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8hv7 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8hv7 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8hv7 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGFR_HUMAN EGFR_HUMAN] Defects in EGFR are associated with lung cancer (LNCR) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/211980 211980]. LNCR is a common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGFR_HUMAN EGFR_HUMAN] Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.<ref>PMID:7657591</ref> <ref>PMID:11602604</ref> <ref>PMID:12873986</ref> <ref>PMID:10805725</ref> <ref>PMID:11116146</ref> <ref>PMID:11483589</ref> <ref>PMID:17115032</ref> <ref>PMID:21258366</ref> <ref>PMID:12297050</ref> <ref>PMID:12620237</ref> <ref>PMID:15374980</ref> <ref>PMID:19560417</ref> <ref>PMID:20837704</ref>   Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action.<ref>PMID:7657591</ref> <ref>PMID:11602604</ref> <ref>PMID:12873986</ref> <ref>PMID:10805725</ref> <ref>PMID:11116146</ref> <ref>PMID:11483589</ref> <ref>PMID:17115032</ref> <ref>PMID:21258366</ref> <ref>PMID:12297050</ref> <ref>PMID:12620237</ref> <ref>PMID:15374980</ref> <ref>PMID:19560417</ref> <ref>PMID:20837704</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Several generations of ATP-competitive anti-cancer drugs that inhibit the activity of the intracellular kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been developed over the past twenty years. The first-generation of drugs such as gefitinib bind reversibly and were followed by a second-generation such as dacomitinib that harbor an acrylamide moiety that forms a covalent bond with C797 in the ATP binding pocket. Resistance emerges through mutation of the T790 gatekeeper residue to methionine, which introduces steric hindrance to drug binding and increases the K(m) for ATP. A third generation of drugs, such as osimertinib were developed which were effective against T790M EGFR in which an acrylamide moiety forms a covalent bond with C797, although resistance has emerged by mutation to S797. A fragment-based screen to identify new starting points for an EGFR inhibitor serendipitously identified a fragment that reacted with C775, a previously unexploited residue in the ATP binding pocket for a covalent inhibitor to target. A number of acrylamide containing fragments were identified that selectively reacted with C775. One of these acrylamides was optimized to a highly selective inhibitor with sub-1 muM activity, that is active against T790M, C797S mutant EGFR independent of ATP concentration, providing a potential new strategy for pan-EGFR mutant inhibition.

A covalent fragment-based strategy targeting a novel cysteine to inhibit activity of mutant EGFR kinase.,Kuki N, Walmsley DL, Kanai K, Takechi S, Yoshida M, Murakami R, Takano K, Tominaga Y, Takahashi M, Ito S, Nakao N, Angove H, Baker LM, Carter E, Dokurno P, Le Strat L, Macias AT, Molyneaux CA, Murray JB, Surgenor AE, Hamada T, Hubbard RE RSC Med Chem. 2023 Oct 19;14(12):2731-2737. doi: 10.1039/d3md00439b. eCollection , 2023 Dec 13. PMID:38107172<ref>PMID:38107172</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8hv7" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Dokurno P]]