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==The cryo-EM structure of eight Rubisco large subunits (RbcL), two Arabidopsis thaliana Rubisco accumulation factors 1 (AtRaf1), and seven Arabidopsis thaliana Bundle Sheath Defective 2 (AtBSD2)==
<StructureSection load='8ilm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8ilm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.30&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8ilm]] is a 19 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synechococcus_elongatus_PCC_6301 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 6301]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8ILM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8ILM FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8ilm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8ilm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8ilm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8ilm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8ilm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8ilm ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Hexadecameric form I Rubisco, which consisting consists of eight large (RbcL) and eight small (RbcS) subunits, is the most abundant enzyme on earth. Extensive efforts to engineer an improved Rubisco to speed up its catalytic efficiency and ultimately increase agricultural productivity. However, difficulties with correct folding and assembly in foreign hosts or in vitro have hampered the genetic manipulation of hexadecameric Rubisco. In this study, we reconstituted Synechococcus sp. PCC6301 Rubisco in vitro using the chaperonin system and assembly factors from cyanobacteria and Arabidopsis thaliana (At). Rubisco holoenzyme was produced in the presence of cyanobacterial Rubisco accumulation factor 1 (Raf1) alone or both AtRaf1 and bundle-sheath defective-2 (AtBsd2) from Arabidopsis. RbcL released from GroEL is assembly capable in the presence of ATP, and AtBsd2 functions downstream of AtRaf1. Cryo-EM structures of RbcL(8)-AtRaf1(8), RbcL(8)-AtRaf1(4)-AtBsd2(8), and RbcL(8) revealed that the interactions between RbcL and AtRaf1 are looser than those between prokaryotic RbcL and Raf1, with AtRaf1 tilting 7 degrees farther away from RbcL. AtBsd2 stabilizes the flexible regions of RbcL, including the N and C termini, the 60s loop, and loop 6. Using these data, combined with previous findings, we propose the possible biogenesis pathways of prokaryotic and eukaryotic Rubisco.

Structural insights into the functions of Raf1 and Bsd2 in hexadecameric Rubisco assembly.,Wang R, Song H, Zhang W, Wang N, Zhang S, Shao R, Liu C Mol Plant. 2023 Dec 4;16(12):1927-1936. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.011. Epub , 2023 Oct 17. PMID:37853692<ref>PMID:37853692</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8ilm" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[RuBisCO 3D structures|RuBisCO 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Arabidopsis thaliana]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 6301]]
[[Category: Shao R]]
[[Category: Song H]]
[[Category: Wang N]]
[[Category: Wang R]]
[[Category: Zhang S]]
[[Category: Zhang W]]