View source for 8joq


==Plk1 polo-box domain bound to HPV18 L2 residues 209-215 with pThr213==
<StructureSection load='8joq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8joq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8joq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_type_18 Human papillomavirus type 18]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8JOQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8JOQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.796&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8joq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8joq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8joq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8joq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8joq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8joq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PLK1_HUMAN PLK1_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PLK1 are associated with some cancers, such as gastric, thyroid or B-cell lymphomas. Expression is cancer increased in tumor tissues with a poor prognosis, suggesting a role in malignant transformations and carcinogenesis.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PLK1_HUMAN PLK1_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Polo-like kinase proteins acts by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates BORA, BUB1B/BUBR1, CCNB1, CDC25C, CEP55, ECT2, ERCC6L, FBXO5/EMI1, FOXM1, KIF20A/MKLP2, MLF1IP, NEDD1, NINL, NPM1, NUDC, PKMYT1/MYT1, PLK1S1/KIZ, PPP1R12A/MYPT1, PRC1, RACGAP1/CYK4, SGOL1, STAG2/SA2, TEX14, TOPORS, p73/TP73, TPT1 and WEE1. Plays a key role in centrosome functions and the assembly of bipolar spindles by phosphorylating PLK1S1/KIZ, NEDD1 and NINL. NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, an important step for spindle formation. Phosphorylation of NINL component of the centrosome leads to NINL dissociation from other centrosomal proteins. Involved in mitosis exit and cytokinesis by phosphorylating CEP55, ECT2, KIF20A/MKLP2, MLF1IP, PRC1 and RACGAP1. Recruited at the central spindle by phosphorylating and docking PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2; creates its own docking sites on PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2 by mediating phosphorylation of sites subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates RACGAP1, thereby creating a docking site for the Rho GTP exchange factor ECT2 that is essential for the cleavage furrow formation. Promotes the central spindle recruitment of ECT2. Plays a central role in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle by phosphorylating CCNB1, CDC25C, FOXM1, MLF1IP, PKMYT1/MYT1, PPP1R12A/MYPT1 and WEE1. Part of a regulatory circuit that promotes the activation of CDK1 by phosphorylating the positive regulator CDC25C and inhibiting the negative regulators WEE1 and PKMYT1/MYT1. Also acts by mediating phosphorylation of cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) on centrosomes in prophase. Phosphorylates FOXM1, a key mitotic transcription regulator, leading to enhance FOXM1 transcriptional activity. Involved in kinetochore functions and sister chromatid cohesion by phosphorylating BUB1B/BUBR1, FBXO5/EMI1 and STAG2/SA2. PLK1 is high on non-attached kinetochores suggesting a role of PLK1 in kinetochore attachment or in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) regulation. Required for kinetochore localization of BUB1B. Regulates the dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes by phosphorylating cohesin subunits such as STAG2/SA2. Phosphorylates SGOL1: required for spindle pole localization of isoform 3 of SGOL1 and plays a role in regulating its centriole cohesion function. Mediates phosphorylation of FBXO5/EMI1, a negative regulator of the APC/C complex during prophase, leading to FBXO5/EMI1 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Acts as a negative regulator of p53 family members: phosphorylates TOPORS, leading to inhibit the sumoylation of p53/TP53 and simultaneously enhance the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates the transactivation domain of the transcription factor p73/TP73, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates BORA, and thereby promotes the degradation of BORA. Contributes to the regulation of AURKA function. Also required for recovery after DNA damage checkpoint and entry into mitosis.<ref>PMID:8991084</ref> <ref>PMID:11202906</ref> <ref>PMID:12207013</ref> <ref>PMID:12447691</ref> <ref>PMID:12852856</ref> <ref>PMID:12738781</ref> <ref>PMID:12939256</ref> <ref>PMID:12524548</ref> <ref>PMID:14734534</ref> <ref>PMID:15469984</ref> <ref>PMID:15070733</ref> <ref>PMID:15148369</ref> <ref>PMID:16198290</ref> <ref>PMID:16980960</ref> <ref>PMID:16247472</ref> <ref>PMID:17081991</ref> <ref>PMID:17617734</ref> <ref>PMID:17376779</ref> <ref>PMID:17351640</ref> <ref>PMID:18418051</ref> <ref>PMID:18521620</ref> <ref>PMID:18331714</ref> <ref>PMID:18477460</ref> <ref>PMID:18174154</ref> <ref>PMID:19160488</ref> <ref>PMID:18615013</ref> <ref>PMID:19473992</ref> <ref>PMID:19509060</ref> <ref>PMID:19351716</ref> <ref>PMID:19468300</ref> <ref>PMID:19468302</ref> <ref>PMID:14532005</ref> <ref>PMID:19597481</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can increase the proliferation of infected cells during HPV-driven abnormalities, such as cervical cancer or benign warts. To date, more than 200 HPV genotypes have been identified, most of which are classified into three major genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, and Gammapapillomavirus. HPV genomes commonly encode two structural (L1 and L2) and seven functional (E1, E2, E4-E7, and E8) proteins. L2, the minor structural protein of HPVs, not only serves as a viral capsid component but also interacts with various human proteins during viral infection. A recent report revealed that L2 of HPV16 recruits polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of eukaryotic mitosis and cell cycle progression, for the delivery of viral DNA to mitotic chromatin during HPV16 infection. In this study, we verified the direct and potent interactions between the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 and PBD-binding motif (S-S-pT-P)-containing phosphopeptides derived from L2 of HPV16/HPV18 (high-risk alphapapillomaviruses), HPV5b (low-risk betapapillomavirus), and HPV4 (low-risk gammapapillomavirus). Subsequent structural determination of the Plk1 PBD bound to the HPV18 or HPV4 L2-derived phosphopeptide demonstrated that they interact with each other in a canonical manner, in which electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds play key roles in sustaining the complex. Therefore, our structural and biochemical data imply that Plk1 is a broad binding target of L2 of various HPV genotypes belonging to the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammapapillomavirus genera.

Crystal Structures of Plk1 Polo-Box Domain Bound to the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2-Derived Peptide.,Jung S, Lee HS, Shin HC, Choi JS, Kim SJ, Ku B J Microbiol. 2023 Aug;61(8):755-764. doi: 10.1007/s12275-023-00071-3. Epub 2023 , Sep 8. PMID:37684534<ref>PMID:37684534</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 8joq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures|Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human papillomavirus type 18]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Jung S]]
[[Category: Ku B]]