View source for 8ju0


==hOCT1 in complex with spironolactone in inward facing occluded conformation==
<StructureSection load='8ju0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8ju0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.98&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8ju0]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8JU0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8JU0 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.98&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SNL:SPIRONOLACTONE'>SNL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8ju0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8ju0 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8ju0 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8ju0 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8ju0 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8ju0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/S22A1_HUMAN S22A1_HUMAN] Electrogenic voltage-dependent transporter that mediates the transport of a variety of organic cations such as endogenous bioactive amines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics (PubMed:11388889, PubMed:11408531, PubMed:12439218, PubMed:12719534, PubMed:15389554, PubMed:16263091, PubMed:16272756, PubMed:16581093, PubMed:19536068, PubMed:21128598, PubMed:23680637, PubMed:24961373, PubMed:34040533, PubMed:9187257, PubMed:9260930, PubMed:9655880). Functions as a pH- and Na(+)-independent, bidirectional transporter (By similarity). Cation cellular uptake or release is driven by the electrochemical potential (i.e. membrane potential and concentration gradient) and substrate selectivity (By similarity). Hydrophobicity is a major requirement for recognition in polyvalent substrates and inhibitors (By similarity). Primarily expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and proximal tubules and involved in the uptake and disposition of cationic compounds by hepatic and renal clearance from the blood flow (By similarity). Most likely functions as an uptake carrier in enterocytes contributing to the intestinal elimination of organic cations from the systemic circulation (PubMed:16263091). Transports endogenous monoamines such as N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), guanidine, histamine, neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline (PubMed:12439218, PubMed:24961373, PubMed:35469921, PubMed:9260930). Also transports natural polyamines such as spermidine, agmatine and putrescine at low affinity, but relatively high turnover (PubMed:21128598). Involved in the hepatic uptake of vitamin B1/thiamine, hence regulating hepatic lipid and energy metabolism (PubMed:24961373). Mediates the bidirectional transport of acetylcholine (ACh) at the apical membrane of ciliated cell in airway epithelium, thereby playing a role in luminal release of ACh from bronchial epithelium (PubMed:15817714). Transports dopaminergic neuromodulators cyclo(his-pro) and salsolinol with lower efficency (PubMed:17460754). Also capable of transporting non-amine endogenous compounds such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) (PubMed:11907186). May contribute to the transport of cationic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Also involved in the uptake of xenobiotics tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA), quinidine, N-methyl-quinine (NMQ), N-methyl-quinidine (NMQD) N-(4,4-azo-n-pentyl)-quinuclidine (APQ), azidoprocainamide methoiodide (AMP), N-(4,4-azo-n-pentyl)-21-deoxyajmalinium (APDA) and 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP) (PubMed:11408531, PubMed:15389554, PubMed:35469921, PubMed:9260930).[UniProtKB:O08966][UniProtKB:Q63089]<ref>PMID:11388889</ref> <ref>PMID:11408531</ref> <ref>PMID:11907186</ref> <ref>PMID:12439218</ref> <ref>PMID:12719534</ref> <ref>PMID:15389554</ref> <ref>PMID:15817714</ref> <ref>PMID:16263091</ref> <ref>PMID:16272756</ref> <ref>PMID:16581093</ref> <ref>PMID:17460754</ref> <ref>PMID:19536068</ref> <ref>PMID:21128598</ref> <ref>PMID:23680637</ref> <ref>PMID:24961373</ref> <ref>PMID:34040533</ref> <ref>PMID:35469921</ref> <ref>PMID:9187257</ref> <ref>PMID:9260930</ref> <ref>PMID:9655880</ref> <ref>PMID:35307651</ref>   Mediates the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).<ref>PMID:11388889</ref>   Not able to uptake 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).<ref>PMID:11388889</ref>   Not able to uptake 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).<ref>PMID:11388889</ref>   Not able to uptake 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).<ref>PMID:11388889</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1), also known as SLC22A1, is integral to hepatic uptake of structurally diversified endogenous and exogenous organic cations, influencing both metabolism and drug pharmacokinetics. hOCT1 has been implicated in the therapeutic dynamics of many drugs, making interactions with hOCT1 a key consideration in novel drug development and drug-drug interactions. Notably, metformin, the frontline medication for type 2 diabetes, is a prominent hOCT1 substrate. Conversely, hOCT1 can be inhibited by agents such as spironolactone, a steroid analog inhibitor of the aldosterone receptor, necessitating a deep understanding of hOCT1-drug interactions in the development of new pharmacological treatments. Despite extensive study, specifics of hOCT1 transport and inhibition mechanisms remain elusive at the molecular level. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the hOCT1-metformin complex in three distinct conformational states - outward open, outward occluded, and inward occluded as well as substrate-free hOCT1 in both partially and fully open states. We also present hOCT1 in complex with spironolactone in both outward and inward facing conformations. These structures provide atomic-level insights into the dynamic metformin transfer process via hOCT1 and the mechanism by which spironolactone inhibits it. Additionally, we identify a 'YER' motif critical for the conformational flexibility of hOCT1 and likely other SLC22 family transporters. Our findings significantly advance the understanding of hOCT1 molecular function and offer a foundational framework for the design of new therapeutic agents targeting this transporter.

Structural insights into human organic cation transporter 1 transport and inhibition.,Zhang S, Zhu A, Kong F, Chen J, Lan B, He G, Gao K, Cheng L, Sun X, Yan C, Chen L, Liu X Cell Discov. 2024 Mar 15;10(1):30. doi: 10.1038/s41421-024-00664-1. PMID:38485705<ref>PMID:38485705</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8ju0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chen J]]
[[Category: Chen L]]
[[Category: Cheng L]]
[[Category: Gao K]]
[[Category: He G]]
[[Category: Kong F]]
[[Category: Lan B]]
[[Category: Liu X]]
[[Category: Yan C]]
[[Category: Zhang S]]
[[Category: Zhu A]]