View source for 8oxj


==crystal structure of powdery mildews Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei AVRA22==
<StructureSection load='8oxj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8oxj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.64&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8oxj]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumeria_hordei Blumeria hordei]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8OXJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8OXJ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.64&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8oxj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8oxj OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8oxj PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8oxj RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8oxj PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8oxj ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
In plants, host-pathogen coevolution often manifests in reciprocal, adaptive genetic changes through variations in host nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) and virulence-promoting pathogen effectors. In grass powdery mildew (PM) fungi, an extreme expansion of a RNase-like effector family, termed RALPH, dominates the effector repertoire, with some members recognized as avirulence (AVR) effectors by cereal NLR receptors. We report the structures of the sequence-unrelated barley PM effectors AVR(A6), AVR(A7), and allelic AVR(A10)/AVR(A22) variants, which are detected by highly sequence-related barley NLRs MLA6, MLA7, MLA10, and MLA22 and of wheat PM AVR(PM2) detected by the unrelated wheat NLR PM2. The AVR effectors adopt a common scaffold, which is shared with the RNase T1/F1 family. We found striking variations in the number, position, and length of individual structural elements between RALPH AVRs, which is associated with a differentiation of RALPH effector subfamilies. We show that all RALPH AVRs tested have lost nuclease and synthetase activities of the RNase T1/F1 family and lack significant binding to RNA, implying that their virulence activities are associated with neo-functionalization events. Structure-guided mutagenesis identified six AVR(A6) residues that are sufficient to turn a sequence-diverged member of the same RALPH subfamily into an effector specifically detected by MLA6. Similar structure-guided information for AVR(A10) and AVR(A22) indicates that MLA receptors detect largely distinct effector surface patches. Thus, coupling of sequence and structural polymorphisms within the RALPH scaffold of PMs facilitated escape from NLR recognition and potential acquisition of diverse virulence functions.

Structural polymorphisms within a common powdery mildew effector scaffold as a driver of coevolution with cereal immune receptors.,Cao Y, Kummel F, Logemann E, Gebauer JM, Lawson AW, Yu D, Uthoff M, Keller B, Jirschitzka J, Baumann U, Tsuda K, Chai J, Schulze-Lefert P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Aug 8;120(32):e2307604120. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.2307604120. Epub 2023 Jul 31. PMID:37523523<ref>PMID:37523523</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8oxj" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Blumeria hordei]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Baumann U]]
[[Category: Cao Y]]
[[Category: Chai JJ]]
[[Category: Gebaure JM]]