View source for 8siw


==Structure of Compound 5 bound to the CHK1 10-point mutant==
<StructureSection load='8siw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8siw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.88&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8siw]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8SIW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8SIW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.877&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZXL:(1S,2S)-N-(7-chloro-6-{1-[(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxolan-3-yl]piperidin-4-yl}isoquinolin-3-yl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide'>ZXL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8siw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8siw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8siw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8siw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8siw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8siw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHK1_HUMAN CHK1_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. This regulation is achieved by a number of mechanisms that together help to preserve the integrity of the genome. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [R-X-X-S/T]. Binds to and phosphorylates CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-178' and 'Thr-507' and phosphorylation of CDC25C at 'Ser-216' creates binding sites for 14-3-3 proteins which inhibit CDC25A and CDC25C. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-76', 'Ser-124', 'Ser-178', 'Ser-279' and 'Ser-293' promotes proteolysis of CDC25A. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-76' primes the protein for subsequent phosphorylation at 'Ser-79', 'Ser-82' and 'Ser-88' by NEK11, which is required for polyubiquitination and degradation of CDCD25A. Inhibition of CDC25 leads to increased inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK-cyclin complexes and blocks cell cycle progression. Also phosphorylates NEK6. Binds to and phosphorylates RAD51 at 'Thr-309', which promotes the release of RAD51 from BRCA2 and enhances the association of RAD51 with chromatin, thereby promoting DNA repair by homologous recombination. Phosphorylates multiple sites within the C-terminus of TP53, which promotes activation of TP53 by acetylation and promotes cell cycle arrest and suppression of cellular proliferation. Also promotes repair of DNA cross-links through phosphorylation of FANCE. Binds to and phosphorylates TLK1 at 'Ser-743', which prevents the TLK1-dependent phosphorylation of the chromatin assembly factor ASF1A. This may enhance chromatin assembly both in the presence or absence of DNA damage. May also play a role in replication fork maintenance through regulation of PCNA. May regulate the transcription of genes that regulate cell-cycle progression through the phosphorylation of histones. Phosphorylates histone H3.1 (to form H3T11ph), which leads to epigenetic inhibition of a subset of genes. May also phosphorylate RB1 to promote its interaction with the E2F family of transcription factors and subsequent cell cycle arrest.<ref>PMID:9278511</ref> <ref>PMID:10673501</ref> <ref>PMID:11535615</ref> <ref>PMID:12446774</ref> <ref>PMID:12399544</ref> <ref>PMID:12676583</ref> <ref>PMID:12660173</ref> <ref>PMID:14681206</ref> <ref>PMID:12676925</ref> <ref>PMID:12759351</ref> <ref>PMID:14559997</ref> <ref>PMID:14988723</ref> <ref>PMID:15311285</ref> <ref>PMID:15659650</ref> <ref>PMID:15665856</ref> <ref>PMID:15650047</ref> <ref>PMID:16511572</ref> <ref>PMID:16963448</ref> <ref>PMID:17380128</ref> <ref>PMID:17296736</ref> <ref>PMID:18510930</ref> <ref>PMID:18728393</ref> <ref>PMID:18451105</ref> <ref>PMID:18317453</ref> <ref>PMID:19734889</ref> <ref>PMID:20090422</ref>   Isoform 2: Endogenous repressor of isoform 1, interacts with, and antagonizes CHK1 to promote the S to G2/M phase transition.<ref>PMID:9278511</ref> <ref>PMID:10673501</ref> <ref>PMID:11535615</ref> <ref>PMID:12446774</ref> <ref>PMID:12399544</ref> <ref>PMID:12676583</ref> <ref>PMID:12660173</ref> <ref>PMID:14681206</ref> <ref>PMID:12676925</ref> <ref>PMID:12759351</ref> <ref>PMID:14559997</ref> <ref>PMID:14988723</ref> <ref>PMID:15311285</ref> <ref>PMID:15659650</ref> <ref>PMID:15665856</ref> <ref>PMID:15650047</ref> <ref>PMID:16511572</ref> <ref>PMID:16963448</ref> <ref>PMID:17380128</ref> <ref>PMID:17296736</ref> <ref>PMID:18510930</ref> <ref>PMID:18728393</ref> <ref>PMID:18451105</ref> <ref>PMID:18317453</ref> <ref>PMID:19734889</ref> <ref>PMID:20090422</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Genetic mutation of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) protein has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), a disabling and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is devoid of efficacious disease-modifying therapies. Herein, we describe the invention of an amidoisoquinoline (IQ)-derived LRRK2 inhibitor lead chemical series. Knowledge-, structure-, and property-based drug design in concert with rigorous application of in silico calculations and presynthesis predictions enabled the prioritization of molecules with favorable CNS "drug-like" physicochemical properties. This resulted in the discovery of compound 8, which was profiled extensively before human ether-a-go-go (hERG) ion channel inhibition halted its progression. Strategic reduction of lipophilicity and basicity resulted in attenuation of hERG ion channel inhibition while maintaining a favorable CNS efflux transporter profile. Further structure- and property-based optimizations resulted in the discovery of preclinical candidate MK-1468. This exquisitely selective LRRK2 inhibitor has a projected human dose of 48 mg BID and a preclinical safety profile that supported advancement toward GLP toxicology studies.

Discovery of MK-1468: A Potent, Kinome-Selective, Brain-Penetrant Amidoisoquinoline LRRK2 Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.,Kattar SD, Gulati A, Margrey KA, Keylor MH, Ardolino M, Yan X, Johnson R, Palte RL, McMinn SE, Nogle L, Su J, Xiao D, Piesvaux J, Lee S, Hegde LG, Woodhouse JD, Faltus R, Moy LY, Xiong T, Ciaccio PJ, Pearson K, Patel M, Otte KM, Leyns CEG, Kennedy ME, Bennett DJ, DiMauro EF, Fell MJ, Fuller PH J Med Chem. 2023 Oct 20. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01486. PMID:37861679<ref>PMID:37861679</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8siw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Palte RL]]