View source for 9m41


==The crystal structure of full-length PAK2 containing K278R and D368N mutants==
<StructureSection load='9m41' size='340' side='right'caption='[[9m41]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.02&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[9m41]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=9M41 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=9M41 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.02&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=9m41 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=9m41 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/9m41 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=9m41 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/9m41 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=9m41 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PAK2_HUMAN PAK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation.<ref>PMID:12853446</ref> <ref>PMID:15234964</ref> <ref>PMID:16617111</ref> <ref>PMID:19923322</ref> <ref>PMID:21177766</ref> <ref>PMID:21317288</ref> <ref>PMID:21724829</ref> <ref>PMID:9171063</ref> 
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hu H-F]]
[[Category: Luo ZP]]
[[Category: Wang Z-X]]
[[Category: Wu J-W]]