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==Structural basis for the assembly and translocation of the Vip1-Vip2 insecticidal binary toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis==
<StructureSection load='9veg' size='340' side='right'caption='[[9veg]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.05&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[9veg]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=9VEG OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=9VEG FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.05&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=9veg FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=9veg OCA], [https://pdbe.org/9veg PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=9veg RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/9veg PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=9veg ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been extensively and successfully used in genetically engineered crops for decades but continue to face challenges from the adaptive resistance in the insect population. The Bt binary toxin Vip1Ad1(Vip1) and Vip2Ag1(Vip2), a promising next-generation candidate gene combination for transgenic crops, have demonstrated high efficacy against the destructive coleopteran pest white grubs, however, their mode of action remains largely elusive. In this study, we report cryo-EM structures of the heptameric Vip1-pore and Vip2-bound Vip1-pore complex, capturing a series of putative assembly-related intermediates that suggest a binary toxin assembly and translocation pathway. Together with structure-guided mutagenesis, these data provide insights into a sequential assembly of binary complex and a sequence-independent translocation mechanism. Proof-of-principle experiments showed successful delivery of a desired protein cargo into host cells based on the mini-Vip2-Vip1 pore system, paving the way for developing much needed extracellular pesticidal protein delivery platforms. These findings not only clarify the assembly and translocation mechanism of the binary insecticidal toxin pair but also offer an excellent alternative model to investigate human-pathogenic pore-forming toxins because of its similarity and biosafety.

Structural basis for the assembly and translocation of the Vip1-Vip2 insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.,Zhao T, Wang Z, Ren J, Han X, Li L, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chen P Nat Commun. 2026 Mar 30. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-71211-7. PMID:41912579<ref>PMID:41912579</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
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== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bacillus thuringiensis]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chen P]]
[[Category: Zhao T]]