View source for Actinin

<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='43/430017/Cv/2' caption='Alpha-actinin-1 [[2eyi]]'>

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== Function ==

[[Actinin]] attaches the protein actin to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells and to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells.<ref>PMID:18488141</ref>  Both ends of actinin contain an actin-binding domain (ABD).  Actinin is encoded by different genes:<br />
* '''ACTN1''' encodes α-actinin-1 (aA1)  which is a cytoskeletal isoform.<br />
*  '''ACTN2''' encodes an isoform  aA2 found in cardiac and skeletal muscles.  For more details on ACTN2 see [[Group:MUZIC:actinin2]].<br />
*  '''ACTN3''' encodes aA3 which anchors actin at the muscle Z-disk.<br />
*  '''ACTN4''' encodes aA4 which is found in the cytoplasm and is thought to be involved in metastasis.  <br />
*  '''beta-ACTN''' regulates cell migration and gene expression through control of the cellular G-actin pool<ref>PMID:21900491</ref>.<br />

== Structural highlights ==

Actinin contain <scene name='43/430017/Cv/3'>four 3-helix bundles</scene> which are called spectrin repeat (SR).<ref>PMID:16698282</ref>  SR are found in proteins belonging to the cytoskeletal structure like spectrin and dystrophin.

== 3D Structures of Actinin ==
[[Actinin 3D structures]]

</StructureSection>

== References ==
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