View source for Adaptin

<StructureSection load='2vgl' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of Adaptin core: AP-α-2 (cyan), AP-β-1 (magenta), AP-μ-1 (green), AP-σ-1 (olive) complex with inositole hexakisphosphate  (PDB entry [[2vgl]])' scene='55/559108/Cv/1'>
'''Adaptin''' (AP) are proteins which mediate the formation of vescicles by clathrin-coated pits.<br />
The '''AP-2 complex''' is a heterotetramer composed a core domain containing 2 '''large AP''': AP-α or AP-γ and AP-β, a '''medium-size AP''': AP-μ and '''small AP''': AP-σ, 2 appendage domains or '''EAR'''.  The core domain binds to the membrane and to cargo proteins which should be internalized and the EAR domains bind to clathrin and accessory proteins.  There are different AP complexes in mammals.<ref name="Ad">PMID:12086608</ref>
*<scene name='55/559108/Cv/3'>Adaptin core: AP-α-2, AP-β-1, AP-μ-1, AP-σ-1 complex with inositole hexakisphosphate</scene>.
*<scene name='55/559108/Cv/6'>Inositole hexakisphosphate binding site</scene> ([[2vgl]]).<ref name="Ad">PMID:12086608</ref>

The '''AP-1 complex''' heterotetramer μ subunit packages insulin receptor substrates into clathrin-coated vescicles.  This is needed for insulin/insulin-like growth factor bioactivities including mitogenesis<ref>PMID:23478262</ref>.

The '''AP-3 complex''' heterotetramer is involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles<ref>PMID:15469849</ref>.  It contains subunits β3, μ3, δ and σ3<ref>PMID:9151686</ref>.

The '''AP-4 complex''' heterotetramer is involved in the targeting proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to yhr endosomal-lysosomal system.  It contains subunits β-type, μ-type, ε and σ-type<ref>PMID:11409905</ref>.

==3D structures of adaptin==
[[Adaptin 3D structures]]

</StructureSection>


== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]