View source for Forkhead box protein

<StructureSection load='3co6' size='350' side='right' scene='47/479231/Cv/1' caption='Human FoxO1 DNA-binding domain complex with DNA, Ca+2 and chloride ions, [[3co6]]'>

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== Function ==

'''Forkhead box proteins''' (FOX) are transcription factors involved in regulation of gene expression.<ref>PMID:17889656</ref>. 
*'''FOXO1''' activation contributes to glucocorticoid-induced beta cell death<ref>PMID:23435785</ref>.<br />
*'''FOXO3''' negatively regulates autophagy in human cancer cells<ref>PMID:25546383</ref>. <br />
*'''FOXP1''' is a key reppressor of immune signaling in the CNS<ref>PMID:22492998</ref>.<br />
*'''FOXP2''' increases synaptic plasticity and dendrite connectivity<ref>PMID:19490887</ref>.  See [[FOXP2]] and [[Foxp2 bound specifically to DNA]]<br />
*'''FOXP3''' drives T cell regulatory function<ref>PMID:24354325</ref>.  See [[Forkhead Box Protein 3]] and [[FOXP3 mutation- IPEX syndrome]]<br />
*'''FOXK1''' is a tumor suppressor in facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer<ref>PMID:26732382</ref>.<br />
*'''FOXM1''' high expression is correlated with poor prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma<ref>PMID:26629049</ref>.  See [[Forkhead box protein M1]].<br />
*'''FOXN1''' mutations result in phenotype of hairlessness and athymia resulting in severely compromised immune system.<br />
*'''FOXN3''' is bispecific and recognizes two DNA motifs<ref>PMID:30826165</ref>.<br />

See also<br />
[[Transcription and RNA Processing]]<br />
[[Glucocorticoids]]<br />
[[Steroid Hormones and their receptors]].<br />
[[Neurodevelopmental Disorders]].

== Disease ==

FOX mutations are implicated in congenital heart disease<ref>PMID:26656470</ref>.  FOXC2 counteracts obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and diet-induced insulin resistance<ref>PMID:11551504</ref>.  Truncated FOXC2 causes multiple lymphedema syndrome<ref>PMID:11371511</ref>.
== Structural highlights ==

FOX contain a DNA-binding motif (DBD) of 80-100 amino acids having a winged-helix shape.
*<scene name='47/479231/Cv/5'>Human FoxO1 DNA-binding domain with DNA, Ca+2 and Cl- ions</scene>.
*<scene name='47/479231/Cv/6'>Ca coordination site</scene>. Water molecules shown as red spheres.
*<scene name='47/479231/Cv/7'>Cl coordination site</scene>. 

==3D structures of FOX==
[[FOX 3D structures]]

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== References ==
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