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<StructureSection load='1w6l' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='CotA laccase complex with glycerol, O2 and Cu+2 (orange), [[1w6l]]'>
== Function ==

'''Laccase''' (Lac) or '''multicopper oxidase''' is a multi-copper protein which uses molecular oxygen to oxidize various aromatic and non-aromatic compounds by a radical-catalyzed reaction mechanism<ref>PMID:15036303</ref>. The multi-copper oxidases constitute a family of enzymes whose principal members are laccase (benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2), ascorbate oxidase (L-ascorbate oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.3) and ceruloplasmin (Fe(II) oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.16.3.1). 

* '''Laccase 2''' (Lac2) acts in lignin degradation and in detoxification of lignin products. Typically, laccases show a three cupredoxin-domain folding<ref>PMID:25586560</ref>.  
*'''Two-domain laccase''' or small lactase have unusual resistance to inhibitors<ref>PMID:25778839</ref>.  
*'''CotA laccase''' belongs to the multi-copper oxidase family.   Similar to the other laccases the three dimensional structure of CotA [[1w6l]] comprises three cupredoxin domains and four copper ions organised in <scene name='CotA_laccase/Copper_centers/5'>Two copper centers</scene>:
a <scene name='40/404916/Cv/3'>mononuclear blue type 1 copper center</scene> and <scene name='40/404916/Cv/2'>a trinuclear center</scene>.<ref>PMID:11514528</ref><ref>PMID:16234932</ref>

For laccase with nitrotyrosine modification see [[Nitrotyrosine]].

== Relevance ==

Laccase from various fungi is used in adsorption of dyes from polluted environment</ref><ref>PMID:30997348</ref>.  Laccases play an important role in food industry, paper and pulp industry, textile industry, synthetic chemistry, cosmetics, soil bioremediation and biodegradation of phenolic pollutants<ref>PMID:21755038</ref>.

== Structural highlights ==

The trinuclear center of CotA laccase has two type 3 copper ions, that can be anti-ferromagnetically
coupled through an hydroxyl moiety in between them, and one
type 2 copper ion.‡ The mononuclear copper is able to accept an
electron from a variety of phenolic substrates and then transmit
it to the trinuclear centre.

==3D structures of laccase==
[[Laccase 3D structures]]

</StructureSection>
== References ==
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