View source for Rho GTPase

<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Human RhoA (magenta) complex with RhoGAP (cyan), GDP, AlF4 and Mg+2 ion (green) (PDB code [[1tx4]])' scene='75/752220/Cv/1' pspeed='8'>


== Function ==
'''Rho GTPase''' or '''Rho-related GTP-binding protein''' of higher vertebrates include '''RhoA, RhoB''', '''RhoC''', '''RhoD''' and '''RhoE'''.  These proteins share 85% sequence identity.  '''RhoA''' is the more extensively studied among these three. RhoA regulates a signal transduction phosphorylation pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers.  Rho GTPase operates as a switch cycling between the active GTP-bound form and the inactive GDP-bound one.  A number of proteins have been identified as targets of RhoA<ref>PMID:12642488</ref>. 
*'''RhoB''' has a role in actin organisation, membrane trafficking, cell proliferation, DNA repair and apoptosis<ref>PMID:27875099</ref>. 
*'''RhoD''' participates in regulating cell-cycle progression and centrosome duplication<ref>PMID:22665057</ref>. 
*'''RhoE''' induces loss of stress fibres and inhibits cell cycle progression<ref>PMID:16042565</ref>. 
*'''RhoG''' regulates actin-cytoskeleton dynamics, survival and proliferation in immune cells<ref>PMID:37378671</ref>. 
* '''Mitochondrial Rho GTPase''' ('''Miro''') have tandem GTP-binding domains separated by a linker region containing calcium-binding EF hand motifs indicating a role in mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis<ref>PMID:12482879</ref>.
*'''Miro2''' regulates inter-mitochondrial communication along microtubules<ref>PMID:31455181</ref>. 

== Disease ==
Mutations in RhoA were identified in diffuse gastric cancer<ref>PMID:25026207</ref>.

== Relevance ==
RhoA is thought to be important in mediating vasoconstriction in the penis<ref>PMID:16411892</ref>.

== Structural highlights ==
The <scene name='75/752220/Cv/6'>transition state complex of RhoA and RhoGAP contains GDP, AlF4 and Mg+2 ion</scene><ref>PMID:9338791</ref>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres. 
*<scene name='75/752220/Cv/7'>GDP binding site</scene>
*<scene name='75/752220/Cv/8'>AlF4 and Mg+2 ion binding site</scene>.
==3D structures of Rho GTPase==
[[Rho GTPase 3D structures]]

</StructureSection>

== References ==
<references/>
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