3itz - Revision history

OCA at 10:06, 21 February 2024

2024-02-21T10:06:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 21 February 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='~~ligand~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Ligand~~\|~~Ligands~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="~~ligandDat~~">~~<scene name='pdbligand=P66:4~~-~~CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2~~,~~6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO~~[~~3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>~~		</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 2.25Å</td></tr>
	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>~~[~~[Related_structure~~\|~~Related:~~]]~~</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto~~; ~~max-height: 3em;'>[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</div>~~</td></tr>		<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='~~gene~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Gene~~\|~~Gene~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"~~>MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>~~
	~~<tr~~ id~~='activity'><td class~~="~~sblockLbl~~"><~~b>Activity:</b></td><td class~~=~~"sblockDat"><span class~~=~~'plainlinks'>[https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen~~-~~activated_protein_kinase Mitogen~~-~~activated protein kinase]~~, ~~with EC number~~ [~~https://www.brenda~~-~~enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24~~] </~~span~~></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3itz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3itz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>		[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 22:		Line 20:
	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3itz ConSurf].		</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3itz ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	~~<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">~~
	~~== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==~~
	A novel class of pyrazolopyridazine p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors is disclosed. A structure activity relationship (SAR) investigation was conducted driven by the ability of these compounds to inhibit the p38alpha enzyme, the secretion of TNFalpha in a LPS-challenged THP1 cell line and TNFalpha-induced production of IL-8 in the presence of 50% human whole blood (hWB). This study resulted in the discovery of several inhibitors with IC(50) values in the single-digit nanomolar range in hWB. Further investigation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of these lead compounds led to the identification of three potent and orally bioavailable p38alpha inhibitors 2h, 2m, and 13h. Inhibitor 2m was found to be highly selective for p38alpha/beta over a panel of 402 other kinases in Ambit screening, and was highly efficacious in vivo in the inhibition of TNFalpha production in LPS-stimulated Lewis rats with an ED(50) of ca. 0.08mg/kg.

	Part 2: Structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations of fused pyrazoles as potent, selective and orally available inhibitors of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase.,Wurz RP, Pettus LH, Henkle B, Sherman L, Plant M, Miner K, McBride HJ, Wong LM, Saris CJ, Lee MR, Chmait S, Mohr C, Hsieh F, Tasker AS Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Mar 1;20(5):1680-4. Epub 2010 Jan 21. PMID:20138761<ref>PMID:20138761</ref>

	~~From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>~~
	~~</div>~~
	~~<div class="pdbe-citations 3itz" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>~~

	==See Also==		==See Also==
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	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
	~~[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]~~		[[Category: Jordan S]]
	[[Category: Jordan, S]]		[[Category: Mohr C]]
	[[Category: Mohr, C]]
	~~[[Category: Alternative splicing]]~~
	~~[[Category: Atp-binding]]~~
	~~[[Category: Cytoplasm]]~~
	~~[[Category: Kinase]]~~
	~~[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]~~
	~~[[Category: Nucleus]]~~
	~~[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]~~
	~~[[Category: Polymorphism]]~~
	~~[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]~~
	~~[[Category: Transferase~~]]

OCA at 03:41, 21 April 2022

2022-04-21T03:41:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:41, 21 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor==		==Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor==
	<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</div></td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [~~http~~://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3itz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3itz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>		[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 33:		Line 33:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
Line 39:		Line 39:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human]]		[[Category: Human]]
			[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Jordan, S]]		[[Category: Jordan, S]]

OCA at 09:44, 19 December 2018

2018-12-19T09:44:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 19 December 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor==		==Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor==
	<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>
Line 7:		Line 8:
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3itz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 15:		Line 16:
	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/it/3itz_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>		<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/it/3itz_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
Line 41:		Line 42:
	[[Category: Jordan, S]]		[[Category: Jordan, S]]
	[[Category: Mohr, C]]		[[Category: Mohr, C]]
			[[Category: Alternative splicing]]
	[[Category: Atp-binding]]		[[Category: Atp-binding]]
			[[Category: Cytoplasm]]
	[[Category: Kinase]]		[[Category: Kinase]]
	[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]		[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]
	[[Category: Nucleus]]		[[Category: Nucleus]]
	[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]		[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
			[[Category: Polymorphism]]
	[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]		[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Transferase]]		[[Category: Transferase]]

OCA at 21:54, 8 February 2016

2016-02-08T21:54:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:54, 8 February 2016
Line 2:		Line 2:
	<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 ~~Homo sapiens~~])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3itz PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 19:		Line 19:
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].		</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3itz ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
Line 29:		Line 29:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
			<div class="pdbe-citations 3itz" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 36:		Line 37:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: ~~Homo sapiens~~]]		[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Jordan, S]]		[[Category: Jordan, S]]

OCA at 02:23, 25 December 2014

2014-12-25T02:23:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:23, 25 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene><br>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene></td></tr>
	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</td></tr>
	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	<table>		</table>
			== Function ==
			[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
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	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Jordan, S.]]		[[Category: Jordan, S]]
	[[Category: Mohr, C.]]		[[Category: Mohr, C]]
	[[Category: Atp-binding]]		[[Category: Atp-binding]]
	[[Category: Kinase]]		[[Category: Kinase]]

OCA at 13:10, 29 September 2014

2014-09-29T13:10:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:10, 29 September 2014
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	[[Image:~~3itz~~.~~png~~\|~~left~~\|~~200px~~]]		==Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor==
			<StructureSection load='3itz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3itz]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.25Å' scene=''>
			== Structural highlights ==
			<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ITZ FirstGlance]. <br>
			</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=P66:4-CHLORO-N-CYCLOPROPYL-3-{[1-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIDAZIN-4-YL]AMINO}BENZAMIDE'>P66</scene><br>
			<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gfe\|3gfe]], [[1yqj\|1yqj]], [[3dt1\|3dt1]], [[3ds6\|3ds6]]</td></tr>
			<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
			<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
			<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3itz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3itz OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3itz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3itz PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
			<table>
			== Evolutionary Conservation ==
			[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
			Check<jmol>
			<jmolCheckbox>
			<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/it/3itz_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
			<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
			<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
			</jmolCheckbox>
			</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
			<div style="clear:both"></div>
			<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
			== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
			A novel class of pyrazolopyridazine p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors is disclosed. A structure activity relationship (SAR) investigation was conducted driven by the ability of these compounds to inhibit the p38alpha enzyme, the secretion of TNFalpha in a LPS-challenged THP1 cell line and TNFalpha-induced production of IL-8 in the presence of 50% human whole blood (hWB). This study resulted in the discovery of several inhibitors with IC(50) values in the single-digit nanomolar range in hWB. Further investigation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of these lead compounds led to the identification of three potent and orally bioavailable p38alpha inhibitors 2h, 2m, and 13h. Inhibitor 2m was found to be highly selective for p38alpha/beta over a panel of 402 other kinases in Ambit screening, and was highly efficacious in vivo in the inhibition of TNFalpha production in LPS-stimulated Lewis rats with an ED(50) of ca. 0.08mg/kg.

	~~{{STRUCTURE_3itz\| PDB=3itz \| SCENE= }}~~		Part 2: Structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations of fused pyrazoles as potent, selective and orally available inhibitors of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase.,Wurz RP, Pettus LH, Henkle B, Sherman L, Plant M, Miner K, McBride HJ, Wong LM, Saris CJ, Lee MR, Chmait S, Mohr C, Hsieh F, Tasker AS Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Mar 1;20(5):1680-4. Epub 2010 Jan 21. PMID:20138761<ref>PMID:20138761</ref>

	~~===Crystal Structure~~ of ~~p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor===~~		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
			</div>
	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_20138761}}~~

	~~==About this Structure==~~
	~~[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http:~~/~~/oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].~~

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
			== References ==
	==~~Reference~~==		<references/>
	<~~ref group="xtra">PMID:020138761<~~/~~ref~~><~~references group="xtra"~~/>		__TOC__
			</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]

OCA at 11:36, 20 October 2012

2012-10-20T11:36:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 20 October 2012
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	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure ~~of [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]~~ with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].		[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA: Protected "3itz" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2012-07-26T05:55:35Z

Protected "3itz" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

← Older revision	Revision as of 05:55, 26 July 2012
(No difference)

OCA at 05:55, 26 July 2012

2012-07-26T05:55:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:55, 26 July 2012
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	~~{{Seed}}~~
	[[Image:3itz.png\|left\|200px]]		[[Image:3itz.png\|left\|200px]]

	~~<!--~~
	~~The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3itz", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.~~
	~~You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)~~
	~~or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),~~
	~~or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.~~
	~~-->~~
	{{STRUCTURE_3itz\| PDB=3itz \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_3itz\| PDB=3itz \| SCENE= }}

	===Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor===		===Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor===


	~~<!--~~
	~~The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_20138761}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page~~
	~~(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 20138761 is the PubMed ID number.~~
	~~-->~~
	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_20138761}}		{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_20138761}}

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	~~3ITZ~~ is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].		[[3itz]] is a 1 chain structure of [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]] with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].

			==See Also==
			*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]

	==Reference==		==Reference==
	<ref group="xtra">PMID:~~20138761~~</ref><references group="xtra"/>		<ref group="xtra">PMID:020138761</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Jordan, S.]]		[[Category: Jordan, S.]]
	[[Category: Mohr, C.]]		[[Category: Mohr, C.]]
	~~[[Category: Alternative splicing]]~~
	[[Category: Atp-binding]]		[[Category: Atp-binding]]
	~~[[Category: Cytoplasm]]~~
	[[Category: Kinase]]		[[Category: Kinase]]
	[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]		[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]
	[[Category: Nucleus]]		[[Category: Nucleus]]
	[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]		[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
	~~[[Category: Polymorphism]]~~
	[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]		[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Transferase]]		[[Category: Transferase]]

	~~''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Mar 10 14:14:03 2010''~~

OCA at 12:14, 10 March 2010

2010-03-10T12:14:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 10 March 2010
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	{{Seed}}		{{Seed}}
	[[Image:3itz.~~jpg~~\|left\|200px]]		[[Image:3itz.png\|left\|200px]]

	<!--		<!--
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	===Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor===		===Crystal Structure of p38a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Complex with a Pyrazolopyridazine Inhibitor===


			<!--
			The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_20138761}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
			(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 20138761 is the PubMed ID number.
			-->
			{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_20138761}}

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	3ITZ is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].		3ITZ is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ITZ OCA].

			==Reference==
			<ref group="xtra">PMID:20138761</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
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	[[Category: Transferase]]		[[Category: Transferase]]

	''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Mar ~~3 17~~:07:59 2010''		''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Mar 10 14:14:03 2010''