3pgd - Revision history

OCA at 02:16, 21 November 2024

2024-11-21T02:16:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:16, 21 November 2024
Line 7:		Line 7:
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== ~~Function~~ ==		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	~~[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the~~ cell ~~surface for~~ recognition ~~by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides~~ of ~~10-30 residues. The~~ peptides ~~presented by~~ MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is ~~usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation~~ in ~~lysosomes as part of their normal turn~~-~~over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components~~. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that ~~presents an antigen, three MHC~~ class II ~~molecules~~ (~~heterodimers of an alpha~~ and a ~~beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer~~ in the ~~ER to form a heterononamer~~. ~~Soon after~~ the ~~entry of this complex into~~ the ~~endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes~~ a ~~sequential degradation by various proteases~~, ~~including CTSS~~ and ~~CTSL, leaving~~ a ~~small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain~~ peptide). The ~~removal of CLIP is facilitated by~~ HLA-DM ~~via direct binding to~~ the ~~alpha~~-~~beta~~-~~CLIP~~ complex ~~so that CLIP is released~~. ~~HLA-DM stabilizes~~ MHC class II ~~molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound~~. ~~The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface~~. ~~In B-cells~~, the ~~interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO~~. ~~Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO~~. ~~Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation~~ of ~~antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading~~.		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
			T-cell recognition of peptides bound to MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is a central event in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The current paradigm holds that prebound class II-associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) and all subsequent antigens maintain a canonical orientation in the MHCII binding groove. Here we provide evidence for MHCII-bound CLIP inversion. NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the interconversion from the canonical to the inverse alignment is a dynamic process, and X-ray crystallography shows that conserved MHC residues form a hydrogen bond network with the peptide backbone in both orientations. The natural catalyst HLA-DM accelerates peptide reorientation and the exchange of either canonically or inversely bound CLIP against antigenic peptide. Thus, noncanonical MHC-CLIP displays the hallmarks of a structurally and functionally intact antigen-presenting complex.

			Bidirectional binding of invariant chain peptides to an MHC class II molecule.,Gunther S, Schlundt A, Sticht J, Roske Y, Heinemann U, Wiesmuller KH, Jung G, Falk K, Rotzschke O, Freund C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Nov 29. PMID:21115828<ref>PMID:21115828</ref>

			From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
			</div>
			<div class="pdbe-citations 3pgd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[MHC 3D structures\|MHC 3D structures]]		*[[MHC 3D structures\|MHC 3D structures]]
	*[[MHC II 3D structures\|MHC II 3D structures]]		*[[MHC II 3D structures\|MHC II 3D structures]]
			== References ==
			<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>

OCA at 13:31, 1 March 2024

2024-03-01T13:31:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 1 March 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='~~related~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Related_structure~~\|~~Related~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"~~><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3pgc\|3pgc]]</div></td></tr>~~		</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 2.72Å</td></tr>
	~~<tr~~ id~~='gene'><td class~~="~~sblockLbl~~">~~<b>~~[[~~Gene~~\|~~Gene:~~]]~~</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DRB1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih~~.~~gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info~~&~~srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])~~</td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	~~== Disease ==~~
	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.		[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
	~~<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">~~
	~~== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==~~
	T-cell recognition of peptides bound to MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is a central event in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The current paradigm holds that prebound class II-associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) and all subsequent antigens maintain a canonical orientation in the MHCII binding groove. Here we provide evidence for MHCII-bound CLIP inversion. NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the interconversion from the canonical to the inverse alignment is a dynamic process, and X-ray crystallography shows that conserved MHC residues form a hydrogen bond network with the peptide backbone in both orientations. The natural catalyst HLA-DM accelerates peptide reorientation and the exchange of either canonically or inversely bound CLIP against antigenic peptide. Thus, noncanonical MHC-CLIP displays the hallmarks of a structurally and functionally intact antigen-presenting complex.

	Bidirectional binding of invariant chain peptides to an MHC class II molecule.,Gunther S, Schlundt A, Sticht J, Roske Y, Heinemann U, Wiesmuller KH, Jung G, Falk K, Rotzschke O, Freund C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Nov 29. PMID:21115828<ref>PMID:21115828</ref>

	~~From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>~~
	~~</div>~~
	~~<div class="pdbe-citations 3pgd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>~~

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[MHC 3D structures\|MHC 3D structures]]		*[[MHC 3D structures\|MHC 3D structures]]
	~~== References ==~~		*[[MHC II 3D structures\|MHC II 3D structures]]
	~~<references/>~~
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Falk, K]]		[[Category: Falk K]]
	[[Category: Freund, C]]		[[Category: Freund C]]
	[[Category: Gunther, S]]		[[Category: Gunther S]]
	[[Category: Heinemann, U]]		[[Category: Heinemann U]]
	[[Category: Jung, G]]		[[Category: Jung G]]
	[[Category: Roske, Y]]		[[Category: Roske Y]]
	[[Category: Rotzschke, O]]		[[Category: Rotzschke O]]
	[[Category: Schlundt, A]]		[[Category: Schlundt A]]
	[[Category: Sticht, J]]		[[Category: Sticht J]]
	[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H]]		[[Category: Wiesmuller K-H]]
	~~[[Category: Clip]]~~
	~~[[Category: Immune system]]~~
	~~[[Category: Invariant chain]]~~
	~~[[Category: Mhc class ii]]~~
	~~[[Category: Mhc ii]]~~
	~~[[Category: Self antigen~~]]

OCA at 08:38, 25 May 2022

2022-05-25T08:38:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 25 May 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation==		==Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation==
	<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3pgc\|3pgc]]</td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3pgc\|3pgc]]</div></td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DRB1 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DRB1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>		[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.		[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 23:		Line 23:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[~~Major histocompatibility complex~~\|~~Major histocompatibility complex~~]]		*[[MHC 3D structures\|MHC 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
Line 29:		Line 29:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human]]		[[Category: Human]]
			[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Falk, K]]		[[Category: Falk, K]]
	[[Category: Freund, C]]		[[Category: Freund, C]]

OCA at 21:17, 4 August 2016

2016-08-04T21:17:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:17, 4 August 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation==		==Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation==
	<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3pgc\|3pgc]]</td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3pgc\|3pgc]]</td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 ~~Homo sapiens~~]), HLA-DRB1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 ~~Homo sapiens~~])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DRB1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3pgd PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3pgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
Line 19:		Line 20:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
			<div class="pdbe-citations 3pgd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 26:		Line 28:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: ~~Homo sapiens~~]]		[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Falk, K]]		[[Category: Falk, K]]
	[[Category: Freund, C]]		[[Category: Freund, C]]

OCA at 06:31, 19 December 2014

2014-12-19T06:31:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:31, 19 December 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{STRUCTURE_3pgd\| PDB=3pgd \| SCENE= }}~~		==Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation==
	===Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation===		<StructureSection load='3pgd' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3pgd]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.72Å' scene=''>
	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_21115828}}~~		== Structural highlights ==
			<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3PGD FirstGlance]. <br>
	==Disease==		</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3pgc\|3pgc]]</td></tr>
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens]), HLA-DRB1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
			<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3pgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3pgd OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3pgd RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3pgd PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
			</table>
			== Disease ==
			[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>
			== Function ==
			[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
			<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
			== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
			T-cell recognition of peptides bound to MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is a central event in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The current paradigm holds that prebound class II-associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) and all subsequent antigens maintain a canonical orientation in the MHCII binding groove. Here we provide evidence for MHCII-bound CLIP inversion. NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the interconversion from the canonical to the inverse alignment is a dynamic process, and X-ray crystallography shows that conserved MHC residues form a hydrogen bond network with the peptide backbone in both orientations. The natural catalyst HLA-DM accelerates peptide reorientation and the exchange of either canonically or inversely bound CLIP against antigenic peptide. Thus, noncanonical MHC-CLIP displays the hallmarks of a structurally and functionally intact antigen-presenting complex.

	~~==Function==~~		Bidirectional binding of invariant chain peptides to an MHC class II molecule.,Gunther S, Schlundt A, Sticht J, Roske Y, Heinemann U, Wiesmuller KH, Jung G, Falk K, Rotzschke O, Freund C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Nov 29. PMID:21115828<ref>PMID:21115828</ref>
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding ~~cleft accommodates peptides~~ of ~~10-30 residues. The~~ peptides ~~presented by~~ MHC class II ~~molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases~~. ~~Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules~~, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, ~~other cells of the gastrointestinal tract~~, ~~such as epithelial cells~~, ~~express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs~~, ~~which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen~~, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, ~~CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases~~, ~~including CTSS and CTSL~~, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, ~~the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO~~. ~~Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading~~. ~~[[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.

	~~==About this Structure==~~		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	~~[[3pgd]] is~~ a ~~6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http:/~~/~~oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].~~		</div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Major histocompatibility complex\|Major histocompatibility complex]]		*[[Major histocompatibility complex\|Major histocompatibility complex]]
			== References ==
	==~~Reference~~==		<references/>
	~~<ref group="xtra">PMID:021115828</ref>~~<references ~~group="xtra"~~/><~~references~~/>		__TOC__
			</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Falk, K.]]		[[Category: Falk, K]]
	[[Category: Freund, C.]]		[[Category: Freund, C]]
	[[Category: Gunther, S.]]		[[Category: Gunther, S]]
	[[Category: Heinemann, U.]]		[[Category: Heinemann, U]]
	[[Category: Jung, G.]]		[[Category: Jung, G]]
	[[Category: Roske, Y.]]		[[Category: Roske, Y]]
	[[Category: Rotzschke, O.]]		[[Category: Rotzschke, O]]
	[[Category: Schlundt, A.]]		[[Category: Schlundt, A]]
	[[Category: Sticht, J.]]		[[Category: Sticht, J]]
	[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H.]]		[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H]]
	[[Category: Clip]]		[[Category: Clip]]
	[[Category: Immune system]]		[[Category: Immune system]]

OCA at 03:14, 25 March 2013

2013-03-25T03:14:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:14, 25 March 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~[[Image:3pgd.png\|left\|200px]]~~

	{{STRUCTURE_3pgd\| PDB=3pgd \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_3pgd\| PDB=3pgd \| SCENE= }}
			===Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation===
			{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_21115828}}

	===~~Crystal Structure~~ of HLA-~~DR1 with CLIP106-120~~, ~~canonical peptide orientation===~~		==Disease==
			[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>

	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_21115828}}~~		==Function==
			[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
Line 14:		Line 16:

	==Reference==		==Reference==
	<ref group="xtra">PMID:021115828</ref><references group="xtra"/>		<ref group="xtra">PMID:021115828</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Falk, K.]]		[[Category: Falk, K.]]

OCA at 08:31, 20 October 2012

2012-10-20T08:31:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, 20 October 2012
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	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure ~~of [[Major histocompatibility complex]]~~ with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].		[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA at 19:48, 25 July 2012

2012-07-25T19:48:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:48, 25 July 2012
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	[[Image:3pgd.png\|left\|200px]]		[[Image:3pgd.png\|left\|200px]]

	~~<!--~~
	~~The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3pgd", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.~~
	~~You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)~~
	~~or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),~~
	~~or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.~~
	~~-->~~
	{{STRUCTURE_3pgd\| PDB=3pgd \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_3pgd\| PDB=3pgd \| SCENE= }}

	===Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation===		===Crystal Structure of HLA-DR1 with CLIP106-120, canonical peptide orientation===


	~~<!--~~
	~~The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_21115828}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page~~
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	~~-->~~
	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_21115828}}		{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_21115828}}

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].		[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure of [[Major histocompatibility complex]] with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].

			==See Also==
			*[[Major histocompatibility complex\|Major histocompatibility complex]]

	==Reference==		==Reference==
	<ref group="xtra">PMID:~~21115828~~</ref><references group="xtra"/>		<ref group="xtra">PMID:021115828</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Falk, K.]]		[[Category: Falk, K.]]
Line 34:		Line 26:
	[[Category: Sticht, J.]]		[[Category: Sticht, J.]]
	[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H.]]		[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H.]]
			[[Category: Clip]]
			[[Category: Immune system]]
			[[Category: Invariant chain]]
			[[Category: Mhc class ii]]
			[[Category: Mhc ii]]
			[[Category: Self antigen]]

OCA: Protected "3pgd" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2011-01-05T15:36:57Z

Protected "3pgd" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:36, 5 January 2011
(No difference)

OCA at 15:36, 5 January 2011

2011-01-05T15:36:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 5 January 2011
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	~~{{Seed}}~~		[[Image:3pgd.png\|left\|200px]]
	[[Image:3pgd.~~jpg~~\|left\|200px]]

	<!--		<!--
Line 20:		Line 19:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	~~3PGD~~ is a 6 ~~chains~~ structure with ~~sequences~~ from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].		[[3pgd]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3PGD OCA].

	==Reference==		==Reference==
Line 35:		Line 34:
	[[Category: Sticht, J.]]		[[Category: Sticht, J.]]
	[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H.]]		[[Category: Wiesmuller, K H.]]
	~~[[Category: Clip]]~~
	~~[[Category: Immune system]]~~
	~~[[Category: Invariant chain]]~~
	~~[[Category: Mhc class ii]]~~
	~~[[Category: Mhc ii]]~~
	~~[[Category: Self antigen]]~~

	~~''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Dec 8 11:55:00 2010''~~