4loo - Revision history

OCA at 16:22, 20 September 2023

2023-09-20T16:22:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 20 September 2023
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 1.95Å</td></tr>
			<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4loo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4loo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4loo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4loo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>

OCA at 11:16, 14 December 2022

2022-12-14T11:16:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 14 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)==		==Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)==
	<StructureSection load='4loo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4loo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.95Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='4loo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4loo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.95Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene~~></td></tr>~~		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, Crk1, Csbp1, Csbp2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4loo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4loo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/4loo PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4loo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[~~[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref> ~~[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAB1_MOUSE TAB1_MOUSE]] May be an important signaling intermediate between TGFB receptors and MAP3K7/TAK1. May play an important role in mammalian embryogenesis.~~		[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 22:		Line 20:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: ~~Lk3 transgenic mice~~]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: ~~Mitogen-activated protein kinase~~]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]
	[[Category: Allerston~~, C K~~]]		[[Category: Allerston CK]]
	[[Category: Arrowsmith~~, C H~~]]		[[Category: Arrowsmith CH]]
	[[Category: Bountra, C]]		[[Category: Bountra C]]
	[[Category: Chaikuad, A]]		[[Category: Chaikuad A]]
	[[Category: DeNicola~~, G F]]~~		[[Category: DeNicola GF]]
	~~[[Category: Delft, F von~~]]		[[Category: Edwards AM]]
	[[Category: Edwards~~, A M~~]]		[[Category: Knapp S]]
	[[Category: Knapp, S]]		[[Category: Krojer T]]
	[[Category: Krojer, T]]		[[Category: Marber MS]]
	[[Category: Marber~~, M S~~]]		[[Category: Von Delft F]]
	[[Category: ~~Structural genomic]]~~
	~~[[Category: Autoactivation]]~~
	~~[[Category: Autophosphorylation]]~~
	~~[[Category: Kinase-regulatory protein complex]]~~
	~~[[Category: Mapk]]~~
	~~[[Category: Protein kinase]]~~
	~~[[Category: Sgc]]~~
	~~[[Category: Transferase~~]]

OCA at 18:07, 5 August 2016

2016-08-05T18:07:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 5 August 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)==		==Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)==
	<StructureSection load='4loo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4loo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.95Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='4loo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4loo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.95Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Mus_musculus Mus musculus~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, Crk1, Csbp1, Csbp2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 ~~Mus musculus~~])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, Crk1, Csbp1, Csbp2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4loo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4loo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 18:		Line 19:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
			<div class="pdbe-citations 4loo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 25:		Line 27:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
			[[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	~~[[Category: Mus musculus]]~~
	[[Category: Allerston, C K]]		[[Category: Allerston, C K]]
	[[Category: Arrowsmith, C H]]		[[Category: Arrowsmith, C H]]

OCA at 04:41, 25 December 2014

2014-12-25T04:41:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:41, 25 December 2014
Line 8:		Line 8:
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
			== Function ==
			[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAB1_MOUSE TAB1_MOUSE]] May be an important signaling intermediate between TGFB receptors and MAP3K7/TAK1. May play an important role in mammalian embryogenesis.
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==

OCA at 15:36, 21 December 2014

2014-12-21T15:36:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 21 December 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{STRUCTURE_4loo\| PDB=4loo \| SCENE= }}~~		==Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)==
	===Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)===		<StructureSection load='4loo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4loo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.95Å' scene=''>
	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_24037507}}~~		== Structural highlights ==
			<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4loo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LOO FirstGlance]. <br>
			</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SB4:4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-1-(4-PIPERIDINYL)-5-(2-AMINO-4-PYRIMIDINYL)-IMIDAZOLE'>SB4</scene></td></tr>
			<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, Crk1, Csbp1, Csbp2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 Mus musculus])</td></tr>
			<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
			<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4loo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4loo OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4loo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4loo PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
			</table>
			<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
			== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
			p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38alpha) is activated by a variety of mechanisms, including autophosphorylation initiated by TGFbeta-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 (TAB1) during myocardial ischemia and other stresses. Chemical-genetic approaches and coexpression in mammalian, bacterial and cell-free systems revealed that mouse p38alpha autophosphorylation occurs in cis by direct interaction with TAB1(371-416). In isolated rat cardiac myocytes and perfused mouse hearts, TAT-TAB1(371-416) rapidly activates p38 and profoundly perturbs function. Crystal structures and characterization in solution revealed a bipartite docking site for TAB1 in the p38alpha C-terminal kinase lobe. TAB1 binding stabilizes active p38alpha and induces rearrangements within the activation segment by helical extension of the Thr-Gly-Tyr motif, allowing autophosphorylation in cis. Interference with p38alpha recognition by TAB1 abolishes its cardiac toxicity. Such intervention could potentially circumvent the drawbacks of clinical pharmacological inhibitors of p38 catalytic activity.

	~~==Function==~~		Mechanism and consequence of the autoactivation of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase promoted by TAB1.,De Nicola GF, Martin ED, Chaikuad A, Bassi R, Clark J, Martino L, Verma S, Sicard P, Tata R, Atkinson RA, Knapp S, Conte MR, Marber MS Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 Sep 15. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2668. PMID:24037507<ref>PMID:24037507</ref>
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and ~~it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some~~ of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of ~~gene expression mostly at the post~~-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated ~~by p38 MAPKs, regulate~~ protein ~~synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein~~ kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by ~~p38 MAPK phosphorylation~~. ~~In a similar way~~, ~~MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2~~, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, ~~p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands~~, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, ~~and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus~~, ~~many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1~~, ~~ATF2~~, ~~ATF6~~, ~~ELK1~~, ~~PTPRH~~, ~~DDIT3~~, ~~TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A~~. ~~The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers~~. ~~The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-~~10~~' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells~~. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. ~~The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation~~. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:~~11909979</ref>~~ <ref>PMID:~~15735649~~</ref> ~~[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAB1_MOUSE TAB1_MOUSE]] May be an important signaling intermediate between TGFB receptors and MAP3K7/TAK1. May play an important role in mammalian embryogenesis.~~

	~~==About this Structure==~~		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	~~[[4loo]] is~~ a ~~2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http:/~~/~~oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LOO OCA].~~		</div>

	==~~Reference~~==		==See Also==
	~~<ref group~~=~~"xtra">PMID:024037507</ref>~~<references ~~group="xtra"~~/><~~references~~/>		*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
			== References ==
			<references/>
			__TOC__
			</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Mus musculus]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]
	[[Category: Allerston, C K.]]		[[Category: Allerston, C K]]
	[[Category: Arrowsmith, C H.]]		[[Category: Arrowsmith, C H]]
	[[Category: Bountra, C.]]		[[Category: Bountra, C]]
	[[Category: Chaikuad, A.]]		[[Category: Chaikuad, A]]
	[[Category: DeNicola, G F.]]		[[Category: DeNicola, G F]]
	[[Category: Delft, F von.]]		[[Category: Delft, F von]]
	[[Category: Edwards, A M.]]		[[Category: Edwards, A M]]
	[[Category: Knapp, S.]]		[[Category: Knapp, S]]
	[[Category: Krojer, T.]]		[[Category: Krojer, T]]
	[[Category: Marber, M S.]]		[[Category: Marber, M S]]
	[[Category: ~~SGC,~~ Structural ~~Genomics Consortium.~~]]		[[Category: Structural genomic]]
	[[Category: Autoactivation]]		[[Category: Autoactivation]]
	[[Category: Autophosphorylation]]		[[Category: Autophosphorylation]]
Line 30:		Line 42:
	[[Category: Protein kinase]]		[[Category: Protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Sgc]]		[[Category: Sgc]]
	~~[[Category: Structural genomic]]~~
	~~[[Category: Structural genomics consortium]]~~
	[[Category: Transferase]]		[[Category: Transferase]]

OCA at 06:14, 2 October 2013

2013-10-02T06:14:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:14, 2 October 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{STRUCTURE_4loo\| PDB=4loo \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_4loo\| PDB=4loo \| SCENE= }}
	===Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)===		===Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)===
			{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_24037507}}

	==Function==		==Function==
Line 9:		Line 10:

	==Reference==		==Reference==
	<references group="xtra"/><references/>		<ref group="xtra">PMID:024037507</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Mus musculus]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]

OCA at 08:37, 21 August 2013

2013-08-21T08:37:35Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Unreleased structure'''
+{{STRUCTURE_4loo|  PDB=4loo  |  SCENE=  }}
-The entry 4loo is ON HOLD
+==Function==
-Authors: Chaikuad, A., DeNicola, G.F., Krojer, T., Allerston, C.K., von Delft, F., Arrowsmith, C.H., Edwards, A.M., Bountra, C., Marber, M.S., Knapp, S., Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)
+==About this Structure==
-Description: Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)
+==Reference==

OCA: Protected "4loo" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2013-07-24T12:30:01Z

Protected "4loo" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:30, 24 July 2013
(No difference)

OCA: New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 4loo is ON HOLD Authors: Chaikuad, A., DeNicola, G.F., Krojer, T., Allerston, C.K., von Delft, F., Arrowsmith, C.H., Edwards, A.M., Bountra, C., Mar...

2013-07-24T12:30:00Z

New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 4loo is ON HOLD Authors: Chaikuad, A., DeNicola, G.F., Krojer, T., Allerston, C.K., von Delft, F., Arrowsmith, C.H., Edwards, A.M., Bountra, C., Mar...

New page

'''Unreleased structure'''

The entry 4loo is ON HOLD

Authors: Chaikuad, A., DeNicola, G.F., Krojer, T., Allerston, C.K., von Delft, F., Arrowsmith, C.H., Edwards, A.M., Bountra, C., Marber, M.S., Knapp, S., Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)

Description: Structural basis of autoactivation of p38 alpha induced by TAB1 (Monoclinic crystal form)