Nucleosome structure: Difference between revisions

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[[es:Nucleosome structure (~~spanish~~)]]

[[es:Nucleosome structure (Spanish)]]

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<big><big>'''~~Nucleosome~~''' is the basic ~~structure~~ of '''chromatin ~~fiber~~'''. A nucleosome consists of a core ~~with a~~ '''~~histonic~~ proteins ~~octamer~~''' and a '''DNA''' molecule 146 bp long ~~surrounding~~ this core in two complete turns.

<big><big>'''Nucleosomes''' are the basic building blocks of '''chromatin fibers'''. A nucleosome consists of a core containing '''an octamer of histone proteins''' and a '''DNA''' molecule 146 bp long wound around this core in two complete turns.

~~Histonic~~ protein octamer includes four types of proteins: <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2a/1'>H2A</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2b/1'>H2B</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah3/1'>H3</scene> y <scene name='60/602771/Histonah4/1'>H4</scene>. ~~Histonic~~ proteins are organized in dimers so:

The <scene name='60/602771/Proteinas/5'>histone protein octamer</scene> includes four types of proteins: <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2a/1'>H2A</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2b/1'>H2B</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah3/1'>H3</scene> and <scene name='60/602771/Histonah4/1'>H4</scene>. Histone proteins are organized in dimers so:

*Two H3-H4 dimers

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*<scene name='60/602771/Octamero/1'>Whole octamer</scene>

*<scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/3'>DNA</scene> molecule <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/4'>~~dos vueltas casi completas~~</scene> ~~alrededor del octámero de histonas~~. ~~Algunos~~ <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/5'>manganese ions</scene> ~~completan el conjunto de la estructura~~

*<scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/3'>DNA</scene> molecule wound in <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/4'>two complete turns</scene> around octamer. Some <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/5'>manganese ions</scene> complete the whole structure.

~~En las~~ <scene name='60/602771/Octamero/2'>~~proteínas histónicas~~</scene> ~~predomina con claridad la estructura secundaria en~~ <scene name='60/602771/Secondarystructure/1'>~~hélice alfa~~</scene>.

The main secondary structure in <scene name='60/602771/Octamero/2'>histones</scene> is <scene name='60/602771/Secondarystructure/1'>alpha helices</scene>.

If we highlight the different types of amino acid residues on the <scene name='60/602771/Esqueleto/1'>protein backbone</scene> we can see that <scene name='60/602771/Residuosnegativos/1'>negatively charged residues</scene> and <scene name='60/602771/Residuospositivos/1'>positively charged residues</scene> are arranged so positively charged residues are in <scene name='60/602771/Periferia/1'>peripheral positions</scene>, where they can form ionic interactions ([[salt bridges]]) with <scene name='60/602771/Interacciones/1'>phosphate groups on the DNA molecule</scene>. This distribution of electric charges stabilizes the whole structure.

Si localizamos los distintos tipos de residuos de aminoácidos a lo largo del <scene name='60/602771/Esqueleto/1'>esqueleto</scene> de las proteínas histónicas podemos comprobar que los <scene name='60/602771/Residuosnegativos/1'>residuos con carga negativa</scene> y los <scene name='60/602771/Residuospositivos/1'>residuos con carga positiva</scene> se disponen de manera que estos últimos, en la periferia del <scene name='60/602771/Periferia/1'>octámero</scene>, pueden establecer interacciónes electrostáticas con las cargas negativas de <scene name='60/602771/Interacciones/1'>los grupos fosfato en la molécula de DNA</scene>. Tal distribución de cargas positivas y negativas, y las interacciones iónicas que entre ellas tienen lugar, confiere una gran estabilidad al conjunto de la estructura.

<small>

==See Also==

*[[Nucleosome structure (Spanish)]]

*[[Nucleosomes]]

*[[User:Eric Martz/Nucleosomes]]

== References ==

Nucleosome structure: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[es:Nucleosome structure (spanish)]]
+[[es:Nucleosome structure (Spanish)]]
 ----
-<Structure load='1aoi' size='800' frame='true' align='right' caption='Nucleosoma' scene='60/602771/Proteinas/5' />
+<Structure load='1aoi' size='450' frame='true' align='right' caption='Nucleosome [[1aoi]]' scene='60/602771/Nucleosoma/3'/>
-<big><big>'''Nucleosome''' is the basic structure of '''chromatin fiber'''. A nucleosome consists of a core with a '''histonic proteins octamer''' and a '''DNA''' molecule 146 bp long  surrounding this core in two complete turns.
+<big><big>'''Nucleosomes''' are the basic building blocks of '''chromatin fibers'''. A nucleosome consists of a core containing '''an octamer of histone proteins''' and a '''DNA''' molecule 146 bp long  wound around this core in two complete turns.
-Histonic protein octamer includes four types of proteins: <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2a/1'>H2A</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2b/1'>H2B</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah3/1'>H3</scene> y <scene name='60/602771/Histonah4/1'>H4</scene>. Histonic proteins are organized in dimers so:
+The <scene name='60/602771/Proteinas/5'>histone protein octamer</scene>  includes four types of proteins: <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2a/1'>H2A</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah2b/1'>H2B</scene>, <scene name='60/602771/Histonah3/1'>H3</scene> and <scene name='60/602771/Histonah4/1'>H4</scene>. Histone proteins are organized in dimers so:
 *Two H3-H4 dimers
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 *<scene name='60/602771/Octamero/1'>Whole octamer</scene>
-*<scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/3'>DNA</scene> molecule <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/4'>dos vueltas casi completas</scene> alrededor del octámero de histonas. Algunos <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/5'>manganese ions</scene> completan el conjunto de la estructura
+*<scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/3'>DNA</scene> molecule wound in <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/4'>two complete turns</scene> around octamer. Some <scene name='60/602771/Nucleosoma/5'>manganese ions</scene> complete the whole structure.
-En las <scene name='60/602771/Octamero/2'>proteínas histónicas</scene> predomina con claridad la estructura secundaria en <scene name='60/602771/Secondarystructure/1'>hélice alfa</scene>.
+The main secondary structure in <scene name='60/602771/Octamero/2'>histones</scene> is <scene name='60/602771/Secondarystructure/1'>alpha helices</scene>.
+If we highlight the different types of amino acid residues on the <scene name='60/602771/Esqueleto/1'>protein backbone</scene> we can see that <scene name='60/602771/Residuosnegativos/1'>negatively charged residues</scene> and <scene name='60/602771/Residuospositivos/1'>positively charged residues</scene> are arranged so positively  charged residues are in <scene name='60/602771/Periferia/1'>peripheral positions</scene>, where they can form ionic interactions ([[salt bridges]]) with <scene name='60/602771/Interacciones/1'>phosphate groups on the DNA molecule</scene>. This distribution of electric charges stabilizes the whole structure.
-Si localizamos los distintos tipos de residuos de aminoácidos a lo largo del <scene name='60/602771/Esqueleto/1'>esqueleto</scene> de las proteínas histónicas podemos comprobar que los <scene name='60/602771/Residuosnegativos/1'>residuos con carga negativa</scene> y los <scene name='60/602771/Residuospositivos/1'>residuos con carga positiva</scene> se disponen de manera que estos últimos, en la periferia del <scene name='60/602771/Periferia/1'>octámero</scene>, pueden establecer interacciónes electrostáticas con las cargas negativas de <scene name='60/602771/Interacciones/1'>los grupos fosfato en la molécula de DNA</scene>. Tal distribución de cargas positivas y negativas, y las interacciones iónicas que entre ellas tienen lugar, confiere una gran estabilidad al conjunto de la estructura.
 <small>
+==See Also==
+*[[Nucleosome structure (Spanish)]]
+*[[Nucleosomes]]
+*[[User:Eric Martz/Nucleosomes]]
 == References ==
 <references/>