Androgens: Difference between revisions

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~~This~~ is ~~a default text for your page '''Androgens'''~~. ~~Click above on~~ ''~~'edit this page''' to modify~~. ~~Be careful with~~ the ~~<~~ and ~~> signs~~.

An androgen is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. The major androgen in males is <scene name='89/895670/Cv/5'>testosterone</scene>. It is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. It is a steroid from the androstane class. It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the [[androgen receptor]].

~~You may include any references~~ to ~~papers as in:~~ the ~~use of JSmol in Proteopedia~~ <~~ref~~>~~DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024~~</~~ref~~> or to the ~~article describing Jmol~~ <ref>PMID:~~21638687~~</ref> ~~to the rescue~~.

*[[Androgen receptor]]. Ligand binding domain (LBD) containing an <scene name='54/543362/Cv/3'>active site</scene> which binds intramolecularly the N-terminal FXXFL motif or coactivators with the same motif.<ref>PMID:18805694</ref> Water molecules are shown as red spheres. <scene name='89/895670/Cv/6'>Human androgen receptor bound to testosterone</scene> ([[2ylo]]).

*[[Heat shock factor]] (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes. HSF bind to heat shock sequence elements throughout the genome with a consensus array of three oppositely oriented sequence AGGAN and activate transcription. Each HSF monomer contains one C-terminal and 3 N-terminal leucine zippers. Two sequences flanking the N-terminal leucine zippers contain the consensus nuclear localization signal (NLS). The DNA-binding domain (DBD residues 193-281) of HSF lies in the N-terminal of the first NLS region<ref>PMID:8441385</ref>. Depletion of HSF-1 is associated with accumulation of pathogenic [[androgen receptor]] in neurodegenerative diseases<ref>PMID:23360996</ref>.

~~== Function ==~~

*[[Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein]] (CRABP); Epididymal RABP (ERABP) is an '''androgen'''-dependent RABP present in the lumen of the epididymis believed to be involved in '''sperm''' maturation. ERABP binds specifically all-trans- and 9-cis-RA.

*[[Aromatase]]. The primary function of aromatase is to produce estrogens by aromatizing '''androgens'''. Aromatase is the only known enzyme in vertebrates capable of catalyzing the aromatization of a six-membered ring<ref name="structure"> Ghosh, D., Griswold, J., Erman, M., Pangborn, W. " X-ray Structure of Human Aromatase Reveals An Androgen-Specific Active Site" ''Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology''. [Online] '''2010''',Vol. 118, Issue 4-5, p197-202[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826573/]</ref>.

~~== Disease ==~~

*[[Student Project 1 for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2015]]. Protein kinase C related kinase 1 (PRK1) is a component of Rho-GTPase, histone demethylase, '''androgen''' receptor, and histone demethylase signaling pathways and is involved in ovary and prostate cancer. A lot of PRK1 is expressed in cases of ovarian serous carcinoma.

*[[Finasteride]]

~~== Relevance ==~~

*[[Zolinza (Vorinostat)]]

*[[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]], 17-β HSD is involved in the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone.

~~== Structural highlights ==~~

*[[Aromatase]] converts androstenedione to estrogen and testosterone to estradiol.

*[[Lipids: structure and classification]]

~~This is a sample scene created with SAT to~~ <scene name="/12/~~3456~~/~~Sample~~/1">~~color~~</~~scene~~> ~~by Group,~~ and ~~another~~ to ~~make~~ <~~scene~~ name="/12/~~3456~~/~~Sample~~/~~2">a transparent representation~~</~~scene~~> of the ~~protein~~. ~~You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading~~ and ~~editing one of these sample scenes~~.

*Cytochrome P450 3A4 ([[CYP3A4]])

</StructureSection>

== References ==

Androgens: Difference between revisions

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 <StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='Human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain complex with modulator (PDB code [[3b5r]])' scene='54/543362/Cv/1'>
-This is a default text for your page '''Androgens'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the &lt; and &gt; signs.
+An androgen is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. The major androgen in males is <scene name='89/895670/Cv/5'>testosterone</scene>. It is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. It is a steroid from the androstane class. It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the [[androgen receptor]].
-You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.
+*[[Androgen receptor]]. Ligand binding domain (LBD) containing an <scene name='54/543362/Cv/3'>active site</scene> which binds intramolecularly the N-terminal FXXFL motif or coactivators with the same motif.<ref>PMID:18805694</ref> Water molecules are shown as red spheres. <scene name='89/895670/Cv/6'>Human androgen receptor bound to testosterone</scene> ([[2ylo]]).
+*[[Heat shock factor]] (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes. HSF bind to heat shock sequence elements throughout the genome with a consensus array of three oppositely oriented sequence AGGAN and activate transcription.  Each HSF monomer contains one C-terminal and 3 N-terminal leucine zippers. Two sequences flanking the N-terminal leucine zippers contain the consensus nuclear localization signal (NLS). The DNA-binding domain (DBD residues 193-281)  of HSF lies in the N-terminal of the first NLS region<ref>PMID:8441385</ref>. Depletion of HSF-1 is associated with accumulation of pathogenic [[androgen receptor]] in neurodegenerative diseases<ref>PMID:23360996</ref>.
-== Function ==
+*[[Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein]] (CRABP); Epididymal RABP (ERABP) is an '''androgen'''-dependent RABP present in the lumen of the epididymis believed to be involved in '''sperm''' maturation. ERABP binds specifically all-trans- and 9-cis-RA.
+*[[Aromatase]]. The primary function of aromatase is to produce estrogens by aromatizing '''androgens'''. Aromatase is the only known enzyme in vertebrates capable of catalyzing the aromatization of a six-membered ring<ref name="structure"> Ghosh, D., Griswold, J., Erman, M., Pangborn, W. " X-ray Structure of Human Aromatase Reveals An Androgen-Specific Active Site" ''Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology''. [Online] '''2010''',Vol. 118, Issue 4-5, p197-202[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826573/]</ref>.
-== Disease ==
+*[[Student Project 1 for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2015]]. Protein kinase C related kinase 1 (PRK1) is a component of Rho-GTPase, histone demethylase, '''androgen''' receptor, and histone demethylase signaling pathways and is involved in ovary and prostate cancer. A lot of PRK1 is expressed in cases of ovarian serous carcinoma.
+*[[Finasteride]]
-== Relevance ==
+*[[Zolinza (Vorinostat)]]
+*[[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]], 17-β HSD is involved in the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone.
-== Structural highlights ==
+*[[Aromatase]] converts androstenedione to estrogen and testosterone to estradiol.
+*[[Lipids: structure and classification]]
-This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.
+*Cytochrome P450 3A4 ([[CYP3A4]])
 </StructureSection>
 == References ==
 <references/>