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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2lr1]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus_5_strain_AD169 Human herpesvirus 5 strain AD169]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2LR1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2LR1 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2lr1]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus_5_strain_AD169 Human herpesvirus 5 strain AD169]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2LR1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2LR1 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2lr1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2lr1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2lr1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2lr1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2lr1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2lr1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2lr1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2lr1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2lr1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2lr1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2lr1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2lr1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_HUMAN BAX_HUMAN] Accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis.<ref>PMID:8358790</ref> <ref>PMID:10772918</ref> <ref>PMID:8521816</ref> <ref>PMID:16113678</ref> <ref>PMID:18948948</ref> <ref>PMID:21199865</ref>  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_HUMAN BAX_HUMAN] Accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis.<ref>PMID:8358790</ref> <ref>PMID:10772918</ref> <ref>PMID:8521816</ref> <ref>PMID:16113678</ref> <ref>PMID:18948948</ref> <ref>PMID:21199865</ref>  
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The human protein Bax sits at a critical regulatory junction of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Bax exists in equilibrium between cytosolic and mitochondria-associated forms that shifts toward the latter when Bax is activated by proapoptotic proteins. Activated Bax changes conformation, inserts into the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), oligomerizes, and induces MOM permeabilization, causing the release of cytochrome c, which effectively commits the cell to die. Because apoptosis is also a basic defense mechanism against invading pathogens, many viruses have developed counteractive measures. Such is the case of human cytomegalovirus, the replication of which hinges on vMIA (viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis), a virus-encoded protein with a unique, albeit poorly understood antiapoptotic activity by which it binds and recruits Bax to mitochondria. Here we show, via the structure determination of the complex between Bax and a peptide comprising vMIA's Bax-binding domain, that vMIA contacts Bax at a previously unknown regulatory site. Notably, using full-length vMIA, the structure is independently confirmed by assays in human cells that measure Bax subcellular localization and cytochrome c release. Mutants that disrupt key intermolecular interactions disfavor vMIA's mitochondrial recruitment of Bax, and increase cytochrome c release upon apoptosis induction. In a more stringent test, an engineered binding interface that achieves wild-type-like charge complementarity, although in a reversed fashion, recovers wild-type behavior. The structure suggests that by stabilizing key elements in Bax needed to unravel for its MOM insertion and oligomerization, vMIA prevents these important steps in apoptosis.
Structural mechanism of Bax inhibition by cytomegalovirus protein vMIA.,Ma J, Edlich F, Bermejo GA, Norris KL, Youle RJ, Tjandra N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 18;109(51):20901-6. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1217094110. Epub 2012 Dec 3. PMID:23213219<ref>PMID:23213219</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2lr1" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/2lr1"