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[[Image:2nwd.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2nwd|  PDB=2nwd  |  SCENE=  }}
'''Structure of chemically synthesized human lysozyme at 1 Angstrom resolution'''


==Structure of chemically synthesized human lysozyme at 1 Angstrom resolution==
<StructureSection load='2nwd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nwd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.04&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nwd]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NWD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NWD FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.04&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nwd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nwd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nwd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nwd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nwd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nwd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LYSC_HUMAN LYSC_HUMAN] Defects in LYZ are a cause of amyloidosis type 8 (AMYL8) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/105200 105200]; also known as systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis or Ostertag-type amyloidosis. AMYL8 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to deposition of apolipoprotein A1, fibrinogen and lysozyme amyloids. Viscera are particularly affected. There is no involvement of the nervous system. Clinical features include renal amyloidosis resulting in nephrotic syndrome, arterial hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, cholestasis, petechial skin rash.<ref>PMID:8464497</ref>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LYSC_HUMAN LYSC_HUMAN] Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/nw/2nwd_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2nwd ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
In this article, we report the total chemical synthesis of human lysozyme. Lysozyme serves as a widespread model system in various fields of biochemical research, including protein folding, enzyme catalysis, and amyloidogenesis. The 130-aa wild-type polypeptide chain of the human enzyme was assembled from four polypeptide segments by using native chemical ligation in a fully convergent fashion. Key to the assembly strategy is the application of the recently developed kinetically controlled ligation methodology, which provides efficient control over the ligation of two peptide (alpha)thioesters to yield a unique product. This result enables the facile preparation of a 64-residue peptide (alpha)thioester; this segment is joined by native chemical ligation to a 66-aa Cys peptide, to yield the target 130-aa polypeptide chain. The synthetic polypeptide chain was folded in vitro into a defined tertiary structure with concomitant formation of four disulfides, as shown by 2D TOCSY NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the synthetic human lysozyme was confirmed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, giving the highest-resolution structure (1.04 A) observed to date for this enzyme. Synthetic lysozyme was obtained in good yield and excellent purity and had full enzymatic activity. This facile and efficient convergent synthesis scheme will enable preparation of unique chemical analogs of the lysozyme molecule and will prove useful in numerous areas of lysozyme research in the future.


==Overview==
Convergent chemical synthesis and high-resolution x-ray structure of human lysozyme.,Durek T, Torbeev VY, Kent SB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 20;104(12):4846-51. Epub 2007 Mar 8. PMID:17360367<ref>PMID:17360367</ref>
In this article, we report the total chemical synthesis of human lysozyme. Lysozyme serves as a widespread model system in various fields of biochemical research, including protein folding, enzyme catalysis, and amyloidogenesis. The 130-aa wild-type polypeptide chain of the human enzyme was assembled from four polypeptide segments by using native chemical ligation in a fully convergent fashion. Key to the assembly strategy is the application of the recently developed kinetically controlled ligation methodology, which provides efficient control over the ligation of two peptide (alpha)thioesters to yield a unique product. This result enables the facile preparation of a 64-residue peptide (alpha)thioester; this segment is joined by native chemical ligation to a 66-aa Cys peptide, to yield the target 130-aa polypeptide chain. The synthetic polypeptide chain was folded in vitro into a defined tertiary structure with concomitant formation of four disulfides, as shown by 2D TOCSY NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the synthetic human lysozyme was confirmed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, giving the highest-resolution structure (1.04 A) observed to date for this enzyme. Synthetic lysozyme was obtained in good yield and excellent purity and had full enzymatic activity. This facile and efficient convergent synthesis scheme will enable preparation of unique chemical analogs of the lysozyme molecule and will prove useful in numerous areas of lysozyme research in the future.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2NWD is a [[Single protein]] structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NWD OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2nwd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Convergent chemical synthesis and high-resolution x-ray structure of human lysozyme., Durek T, Torbeev VY, Kent SB, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 20;104(12):4846-51. Epub 2007 Mar 8. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17360367 17360367]
*[[Lysozyme 3D structures|Lysozyme 3D structures]]
[[Category: Lysozyme]]
== References ==
[[Category: Single protein]]
<references/>
[[Category: Durek, T.]]
__TOC__
[[Category: Kent, S B.H.]]
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Torbeev, V Y.]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Chemical protein synthesis]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Convergent synthesis]]
[[Category: Durek T]]
[[Category: Native chemical ligation]]
[[Category: Kent SBH]]
''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Sun May  4 09:59:39 2008''
[[Category: Torbeev VY]]
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/2nwd"