|
|
| (43 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | <!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE THIS TEMPLATE --> |
| {{Template:Oberholser_Sandbox_Reservation}} | | {{Template:Oberholser_Sandbox_Reservation}} |
| | <!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE --> |
| | <Structure load='1AKE' size='500' frame='true' align='right' caption='Adenylate Kinase' scene='Matt's Beautiful Protein' /> |
|
| |
|
| ='''Papain'''= | | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_adenylate_kinase_37/1'>Adenylate Kinase</scene> protein is shown here with alpha helices (cyan) and beta sheets (green) surrounding the non-hydrolysable substrate analogue (orange). |
|
| |
|
| ==Introduction==
| | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_helix_beta_colored/1'>Secondary Structure</scene> of the protein is shown here with alpha helices (green) and beta sheets (blue) highlighted appropriately. |
| [[Image:Papaya.jpg | right| thumb| ''Carica papaya'']]
| |
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Main_scene/1'>Papain</scene> is a cysteine protease that is stable and active under a wide range of conditions. The enzyme present in the leaves, latex, roots, and fruit of the papaya plant (''Carica papaya'').<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441803/papain</ref> The papain proteins are synthesized as inactive precursors that become active within two minutes of the plant being wounded and the latex is expelled.<ref>http://www.worthington-biochem.com/pap/default.html</ref> The latex is dried and then purified to extract the active papain enzme. The enzyme was first studied and isolated in the 1960's. It has a 23.4kDa theoretical molecular weight and works at an optimum pH of 6-7 and optimum temperature of 60-70 degrees Celsius. | |
|
| |
|
| ==Structure==
| | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_hydrogen_bonds_good/1'>Hydrogen Bonds</scene> of chain A of the protein are highlighted in orange here. |
| [[Image:Ramachandran plot.JPG| left| thumb| Ramachandran plot of papain amino acid residues]]
| |
| Papain's three-dimensional structure is at 1.65 Angstrom resolution. It consists of one polypepetide chain that is made up of 212 amino acids residues. There are three <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_disulfide_bonds/1'>disulfide bonds</scene> present in the enzyme that maintains the protein's structure.
| |
| <StructureSection load='9PAP' size='400' align='left' caption='Papain (9PAP)' scene=''></StructureSection>
| |
|
| |
|
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_beta-alpha/1'>secondary structure</scene> | | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_hydrophobic_good/1'>Hydrophobic Interactions</scene> are shown here in red. |
|
| |
|
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_hydrophobic/7'>hydrophobic residues</scene> | | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_hydrophilic_good/1'>Hydrophilic Interactions</scene> are shown here in black. |
|
| |
|
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_polar/1'>polar residues</scene> | | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_solvent/1'>Solvent</scene> , which is water, is shown here in red. Water's primary location is on the outer parts of the protein, or the hydrophilic regions. |
|
| |
|
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Ligand/3'>ligands</scene> | | The side chains that interact with the <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_ligand/1'>ligand</scene> are shown here in crimson. The interactions occur with the hydrophobic side chains. The rest of the protein is faded blue. |
|
| |
|
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_van_der_waals/1'>van der Waals interactions</scene> | | The <scene name='Sandbox_37/Matt_catalytic_residues/1'>catalytic residues</scene> of this protein are shown here in lime green. |
| | |
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_hydrogen_bonds/1'>hydrogen bonds</scene>
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Mechanism==
| |
| [[Image:Papain mechanism.jpg | right| thumb| Mechanism of papain catalysis]]
| |
| | |
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_active_site/1'>active site</scene>
| |
| | |
| ==Function==
| |
| | |
| ==Inhibition==
| |
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_inhibitor/3'>inhibitor</scene>
| |
| | |
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_inhibitor_van_der_waals/2'>van der Waals</scene>
| |
| | |
| <scene name='Sandbox_37/Papain_inhibitor_hydrogen_bond/1'>hydrogen bonds</scene>
| |
| | |
| <ref>http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/remediatedSequence.do?structureId=1POP¶ms.chainEntityStrategyStr=all</ref>
| |
| <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papain</ref>
| |
| <ref>http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=9PAP</ref>
| |
| <ref>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/analytical-enzymes/papain.html</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| <references />
| |
