Nitroreductase: Difference between revisions

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{{STRUCTURE_1icu|  PDB=1icu  | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=E. coli nitroreductase containing FMN complex with nicotinic acid, [[1icu]] }}
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='E. coli nitroreductase dimer containing FMN and nicotinic acid (PDB entry [[1icr]])' scene='48/489319/Cv/1'>


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== Function ==
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'''Nitroreductase''' or '''oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase''' (NR) is involved in the reduction of nitrogen-containing compounds including those containing NO<sub>2</sub> group. The NO<sub>2</sub> group is reduced to hydroxylamine<ref>PMID:11491290</ref>.  NR uses FMN as cofactor.  Among NRs are the oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H NR and NADH dehydrogenase.   
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*'''Copper-induced nitroreductase''' protects ''Lactococcus lactis'' against oxidative stress exerted by nitroaromatic compounds and copper<ref>PMID:20562311</ref>.
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*'''Nitrobenzoate nitroreductase''' metabolises 2-nitrobenzoate to form the antioxidant 3-hydroxyanthranilate in ''Pseudomonas fluorescens''<ref>PMID:17277060</ref>.
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*'''Deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase''' catalyses the reduction of nitroimidazoles into reactive nitrogen species in ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' <ref>PMID:22244759</ref>.  
'''Nitroreductase''' (NR) is involved in the reduction of nitrogen-containing compounds including those containing NO2 group.
The NO2 group is reduced to hydroxylamine.  NR use FMN as cofactor.  Among NRs are the oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H NR and NADH dehydrogenase.  The NR is of special interest due to its potential use as activator of prodrugs in cancer therapy.


== Relevance ==
NR is of special interest due to its potential use as activator of prodrugs in cancer therapy<ref>PMID:26431849</ref>.
== Structural highlights ==
NR <scene name='48/489319/Cv/4'>cofactor FMN is bound directly to one subunit</scene> while the <scene name='48/489319/Cv/5'>ligand - nicotinic acid - interacts with both subunits</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
==3D structures of nitroreductase==
==3D structures of nitroreductase==
[[Nitroreductase 3D structures]]
</StructureSection>


[[1f5v ]], [[1oo5]] – EcNR – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
== References ==
[[3bm1]], [[1ds7]] – EcNR minimal<br />
<references/>
[[3bm2]] – EcNR minimal -FMN<br />
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[1nec]], [[1kqd]] – EclNR – ''Enterobacter cloacae''<br />
[[1ywq]], [[2i7h]] – NR – ''Bacillus cereus''<br />
[[2b67]] – NR – ''Streptococcus pneumonia''<br />
[[3ek3]], [[3hoi]] – NR – ''Bacterioides fragilis''<br />
[[3g14]] – NR – ''Clostridium novyi''<br />
[[3h4o]], [[3koq]] - NR – ''Clostridium difficile''<br />
[[3gr3]] – NR – ''Bartonella henselae''<br />
[[3hzn]] – NR – ''Salmonella typhimurium''<br />
[[3k6h]] – NR – ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens''<br />
[[2wqf]] – NR – ''Lactococcus lactis''<br />
[[2wzv]] – MsNR – ''Mycobacterium smegmatis''<br />
[[3of4]] – NR FMN/FAD – ''Idiomarina loihiensis''<br />
[[3n2s]] – NR – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
[[3pxv]] – NR – ''Desulfitobacterium hafniense''<br />
[[3qdl]] – NR – ''Helicobacter pylori''<br />
[[3r5l]], [[3r5p]] - MtNR – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
[[3r5r]], [[3r5w]] – MtNR F420
 
'''Nitroreductase binary complex'''
 
[[1kqb]] – EclNR + benzoate<br />
[[1kqc]] – EclNR + acetate<br />
[[1ylr]], [[1ylu]] - EcNR + acetate<br />
[[1icr]], [[1icu]], [[1icv]] – EcNR + nicotinic acid<br />
[[1ooq]] – EcNR + dicoumarol<br />
[[1oo6]], [[1oon]], [[1idt]] – EcNR + benzamide derivative<br />
[[1yki]] – EcNR + antibiotic<br />
[[2wzw]] - MsNR + NADPH
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