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[[Image:1d1t.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="1d1t" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
caption="1d1t, resolution 2.4&Aring;" />
'''MUTANT OF HUMAN SIGMA ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE WITH LEUCINE AT POSITION 141'''<br />


==Overview==
==MUTANT OF HUMAN SIGMA ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE WITH LEUCINE AT POSITION 141==
Pyrazole and its 4-alkyl substituted derivatives are potent inhibitors for many alcohol dehydrogenases. However, the human sigma sigma isoenzyme exhibits a 580-fold lower affinity for 4-methylpyrazole than does the human beta1beta1 isoenzyme, with which it shares 69% sequence identity. In this study, structural and kinetic studies were utilized in an effort to identify key structural features that affect the binding of 4-methylpyrazole in human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes. We have extended the resolution of the human sigma sigma alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzyme to 2.5 A resolution. Comparison of this structure to the human beta1beta1 isoenzyme structure indicated that the side-chain position for Met141 in sigma sigma ADH might interfere with 4-methylpyrazole binding. Mutation of Met141 in sigma sigma ADH to Leu (sigma141L) lowers the Ki for 4-methylpyrazole from 350 to 10 microM, while having a much smaller effect on the Ki for pyrazole. Thus, the mutagenesis results show that the residue at position 141, which lines the substrate-binding pocket at a position close to the methyl group of 4-methylpyrazole, directly affects the binding of the inhibitor. To rule out nonspecific structural changes due to the mutation, the X-ray structure of the sigma141L mutant enzyme was determined to 2.4 A resolution. The three-dimensional structure of the mutant enzyme is identical to the wild-type enzyme, with the exception of the residue at position 141. Thus, the differences in 4-methylpyrazole binding between the mutant and wild-type sigma sigma ADH isoenzymes can be completely ascribed to the local changes in the topology of the substrate binding site, and provides an explanation for the class-specific differences in 4-methylpyrazole binding to the human ADH isoenzymes.
<StructureSection load='1d1t' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1d1t]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1d1t]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1D1T OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1D1T FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CAC:CACODYLATE+ION'>CAC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAD:NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE'>NAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1d1t FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1d1t OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1d1t PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1d1t RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1d1t PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1d1t ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ADH7_HUMAN ADH7_HUMAN] Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the best substrates. Ethanol is not a good substrate but at the high ethanol concentrations reached in the digestive tract, it plays a role in the ethanol oxidation and contributes to the first pass ethanol metabolism.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/d1/1d1t_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1d1t ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>


==About this Structure==
==See Also==
1D1T is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] with <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:'>ZN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ACT:'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CAC:'>CAC</scene> and <scene name='pdbligand=NAD:'>NAD</scene> as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Active as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1] Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1D1T OCA].
*[[Alcohol dehydrogenase 3D structures|Alcohol dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
 
__TOC__
==Reference==
</StructureSection>
Methionine-141 directly influences the binding of 4-methylpyrazole in human sigma sigma alcohol dehydrogenase., Xie PT, Hurley TD, Protein Sci. 1999 Dec;8(12):2639-44. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=10631979 10631979]
[[Category: Alcohol dehydrogenase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hurley, T D.]]
[[Category: Hurley TD]]
[[Category: Xie, P T.]]
[[Category: Xie PT]]
[[Category: ACT]]
[[Category: CAC]]
[[Category: NAD]]
[[Category: ZN]]
[[Category: rossmann or dinucleotide fold]]
 
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