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| <StructureSection load='1op8' size='400' side='right' caption='Structure of human granzyme A complex with sulfate (PDB entry [[1op8]])' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='1iau' size='400' side='right' caption='Structure of glycosylated human granzyme B (green) complex with pentapeptide inhibitor (magenta) and Zn+2 ions (grey) (PDB entry [[1iau]])' scene='51/517375/Cv/1'> |
| | == Function == |
| | '''Granzymes''' (GZM) or '''cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 1''' are serine proteases which induce apoptosis in virus-infected cells<ref>PMID:17158907</ref>.<br /> |
| | *'''Granzyme A''' is the most abundant serine protease in killer cells cytotoxic granules <ref>PMID:20536557</ref>.<br /> |
| | *'''Granzyme B and C''' induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated target cell apoptosis <ref>PMID:12752668</ref>.<br /> |
| | *'''Granzyme H''' helps granzyme B kill adenovirus-infected cells <ref>PMID:17766182</ref>.<br /> |
| | *'''Granzyme K''' functions in a similar way to granzyme A <ref>PMID:19059912</ref>.<br /> |
| | *'''Granzyme M''' induces target cell death, inhibits viral replication and regulates inflammation <ref>PMID:24413154</ref>.<br /> |
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| '''Granzymes''' (GZM) are serine proteases which induce apoptosis in virus-infected cells. | | == Structural highlights == |
| | The <scene name='51/517375/Cv/6'>active site</scene> of human GZMB contains the <scene name='51/517375/Cv/7'>typical serine protease catalytic triad</scene> and <scene name='51/517375/Cv/8'>oxyanion hole</scene><ref>PMID:11325591</ref>. |
| | </StructureSection> |
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| ==3D structures of granzyme== | | ==3D structures of granzyme== |
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| ===Granzyme A===
| | Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}} |
| | | {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0| |
| [[1op8]] – hGZM<br />
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| [[1orf]] – hGZM (mutant)
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| ===Granzyme B=== | |
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| [[1fi8]] – GZM (mutant) + ecotin – rat<br />
| | *Granzyme A |
| [[1fq3]] – hGZM<br />
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| [[1iau]] – hGZM + polypeptide<br />
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| ===Granzyme C===
| | **[[1op8]] – hGZM<br /> |
| | **[[1orf]] – hGZM (mutant) |
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| [[3fzz]] – mGZM – mouse<br />
| | *Granzyme B |
| [[3g01]] – mGZM (mutant)
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| ===Granzyme H===
| | **[[1fi8]] – GZM (mutant) + ecotin – rat<br /> |
| | **[[1fq3]] – hGZM<br /> |
| | **[[1iau]] – hGZM + polypeptide<br /> |
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| [[3tk9]] - hGZM (mutant) <br />
| | *Granzyme C |
| [[3tju]], [[3tjv]] - hGZM (mutant) + polypeptide<br />
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| ===Granzyme K===
| | **[[3fzz]] – mGZM – mouse<br /> |
| | **[[3g01]] – mGZM (mutant) |
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| [[1mza]], [[1mzd]] – h-proGZM (mutant)
| | *Granzyme H |
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| ===Granzyme M===
| | **[[4gaw]] – hGZM<br /> |
| | **[[3tk9]] - hGZM (mutant) <br /> |
| | **[[3tju]], [[3tjv]] - hGZM (mutant) + polypeptide<br /> |
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| [[2zgc]] – hGZM
| | *Granzyme K |
| [[2zgh]], [[2zks]] - hGZM + polypeptide<br />
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| [[2zgj]] – hGZM (mutant) + polypeptide<br />
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| | **[[1mza]], [[1mzd]] – h-proGZM (mutant) |
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| | *Granzyme M |
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| | **[[2zgc]] – hGZM<br /> |
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| | **[[2zgh]], [[2zks]] - hGZM + polypeptide<br /> |
| | **[[2zgj]] – hGZM (mutant) + polypeptide<br /> |
| | }} |
| | == References == |
| | <references/> |
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| | [[Category:Topic Page]] |
| </StructureSection>
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| Function
Granzymes (GZM) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 1 are serine proteases which induce apoptosis in virus-infected cells[1].
- Granzyme A is the most abundant serine protease in killer cells cytotoxic granules [2].
- Granzyme B and C induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated target cell apoptosis [3].
- Granzyme H helps granzyme B kill adenovirus-infected cells [4].
- Granzyme K functions in a similar way to granzyme A [5].
- Granzyme M induces target cell death, inhibits viral replication and regulates inflammation [6].
Structural highlights
The active site of human GZMB contains the typical serine protease catalytic triad and oxyanion hole[7].
- ↑ Bots M, Medema JP. Granzymes at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2006 Dec 15;119(Pt 24):5011-4. PMID:17158907 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.03239
- ↑ Lieberman J. Granzyme A activates another way to die. Immunol Rev. 2010 May;235(1):93-104. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00902.x. PMID:20536557 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00902.x
- ↑ Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC. Granzyme B: a natural born killer. Immunol Rev. 2003 Jun;193:31-8. PMID:12752668
- ↑ Waterhouse NJ, Trapani JA. H is for helper: granzyme H helps granzyme B kill adenovirus-infected cells. Trends Immunol. 2007 Sep;28(9):373-5. Epub 2007 Sep 4. PMID:17766182 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2007.08.001
- ↑ Bovenschen N, Quadir R, van den Berg AL, Brenkman AB, Vandenberghe I, Devreese B, Joore J, Kummer JA. Granzyme K displays highly restricted substrate specificity that only partially overlaps with granzyme A. J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 6;284(6):3504-12. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M806716200. Epub 2008, Dec 5. PMID:19059912 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M806716200
- ↑ de Poot SA, Bovenschen N. Granzyme M: behind enemy lines. Cell Death Differ. 2014 Mar;21(3):359-68. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2013.189. Epub 2014, Jan 10. PMID:24413154 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2013.189
- ↑ Rotonda J, Garcia-Calvo M, Bull HG, Geissler WM, McKeever BM, Willoughby CA, Thornberry NA, Becker JW. The three-dimensional structure of human granzyme B compared to caspase-3, key mediators of cell death with cleavage specificity for aspartic acid in P1. Chem Biol. 2001 Apr;8(4):357-68. PMID:11325591
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3D structures of granzyme
Updated on 12-August-2026
{"openlevels":0}
- Granzyme A
- Granzyme B
- 1fi8 – GZM (mutant) + ecotin – rat
- 1fq3 – hGZM
- 1iau – hGZM + polypeptide
- Granzyme C
- 3fzz – mGZM – mouse
- 3g01 – mGZM (mutant)
- Granzyme H
- Granzyme K
- Granzyme M
References
