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[[Image:The RAS RAF MEK ERK pathway.jpg|400px|thumb| Diagram of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway<ref>PMID:17208430</ref>.]]

The regulation of RAF Kinases involves protein-protein interactions, phosphorylations, dephosphorylations and conformational changes<ref>PMID:15520807</ref>. <br />

RAF kinases participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, which is sometimes denoted as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade<ref>PMID:12471243</ref>. Growth factors bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), resulting in RAS activation. RAF proteins are one of a family of effector proteins activated by RAS, and they in turn stimulate the activation of MEK, which subsequently stimulates ERK activity. ERK phosphorylates both cytosolic and nuclear proteins, thereby mediating the cellular responses cells make when this pathway is activated.<br />

RAF kinases participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, which is sometimes denoted as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade<ref>PMID:12471243</ref>. Growth factors bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), resulting in RAS activation. RAF proteins are one of a family of effector proteins activated by RAS, and they in turn stimulate the activation of MEK, which subsequently stimulates [[ERK]] activity. ERK phosphorylates both cytosolic and nuclear proteins, thereby mediating the cellular responses cells make when this pathway is activated.<br />

=== Structural implication on the MAP Kinase Pathway ===

Sandbox Reserved 707: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 [[Image:The RAS RAF MEK ERK pathway.jpg|400px|thumb| Diagram of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway<ref>PMID:17208430</ref>.]]
 The regulation of RAF Kinases involves protein-protein interactions, phosphorylations, dephosphorylations and conformational changes<ref>PMID:15520807</ref>. <br />
-RAF kinases participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, which is sometimes denoted as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade<ref>PMID:12471243</ref>. Growth factors bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), resulting in RAS activation. RAF proteins are one of a family of effector proteins activated by RAS, and they in turn stimulate the activation of MEK, which subsequently stimulates ERK activity. ERK phosphorylates both cytosolic and nuclear proteins, thereby mediating the cellular responses cells make when this pathway is activated.<br />
+RAF kinases participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, which is sometimes denoted as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade<ref>PMID:12471243</ref>. Growth factors bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), resulting in RAS activation. RAF proteins are one of a family of effector proteins activated by RAS, and they in turn stimulate the activation of MEK, which subsequently stimulates [[ERK]] activity. ERK phosphorylates both cytosolic and nuclear proteins, thereby mediating the cellular responses cells make when this pathway is activated.<br />
 === Structural implication on the MAP Kinase Pathway ===