Protein phosphatase: Difference between revisions

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{{STRUCTURE_3k7v|  PDB=3k7v  | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Human PP2A catalytic (pink) and regulatory (grey) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin and sulfate [[3k7v]] }}
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='54/540142/Cv/1' caption='Human PP2A catalytic (green) and regulatory (cyan) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin and sulfate [[3k7v]]'>
__TOC__


'''Protein phosphatases''' (PP) regular protein phosphorylation and thus are key in intracellular signal transduction processes.<br />
== Function ==
*  '''PP1''' is a serine/threonine phosphatase.<br />
'''Protein phosphatases''' (PP) or '''serine/threonine protein phosphatase''' regulate protein phosphorylation and thus are key in intracellular signal transduction processes.<br />
*  '''PP2A''' targets proteins in the oncogenic signaling pathways. For PP2A see also [[HEAT Repeat]].<br />
*  '''PP1''' is a serine/threonine phosphatase and is a key component of the insulin signaling pathway<ref>PMID:9609113</ref>.<br />  
*  '''PP2C''' are Mg/Mn- dependent and are essential for the regulation of cell cycle and stress signaling pathways.<br />
*  '''PP1C''' is the catalytic subunit of PP1.
*  '''PP4''' regulates a variety of cellular functions.<br />
*  '''PP1K''' is Mn+2/Mg+2-dependent PP1.
*  '''PP5''' is activated by lipids and is involved in signal transduction.   
*  '''PP2A''' targets proteins in the oncogenic signaling pathways<ref>PMID:11812651</ref>. For PP2A see also [[HEAT Repeat]].<br />
*  '''PP2C''' are Mg/Mn-dependent and are essential for the regulation of cell cycle and stress signaling pathways.  For details see<br />
* <scene name='54/540142/Protein_pp2cm_with_mgii/4'>PP2Cm</scene>
*[[Protein Phosphatase 2C]]<br />
*[[ABA-regulated Protein Phosphatase 2C]]<br />
*[[ABA Signaling Pathway]].<br />
*  '''PP4''' regulates a variety of cellular functions<ref>PMID:25562660</ref>.<br />
*  '''PP5''' is activated by lipids and is involved in signal transduction<ref>PMID:11137038</ref>.   


== Disease ==
Mutations in PP2A are found in many solid cancers and leukemias.  PP2A-activating drugs are possible candidates for cancer therapeutics protocols<ref>PMID:23639323</ref>.  Development of Alzheimer disease drugs could be based on restoration of PP2A activity<ref>PMID:21605044</ref>.
== Structural highlights ==
<scene name='54/540142/Cv/5'>Human PP2A catalytic (green) and regulatory (cyan) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin</scene>. Algal toxin binds at the surface pocket of the PP2A catalytic subunit which contains the Mn+2 ion cofactors<ref>PMID:19916524</ref>. Water molecule are shown as red sphere.
*<scene name='54/540142/Cv/6'>Mn+2 ion cofactors coordination site</scene>.
*<scene name='54/540142/Cv/7'>Whole binding site</scene>.
== 3D Structures of protein phosphatase==
== 3D Structures of protein phosphatase==
[[Protein phosphatase 3D structures]]
Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*Protein phosphatase 1A
 
**[[3fxj]], [[3fxk]], [[3fxl]], [[3fxm]], [[3fxo]] – hPP1A + Mn – human<br />
**[[4da1]] – hPP1K + Mn<br />
**[[1jk7]], [[1u32]], [[2bcd]], [[2bdx]], [[3e7a]], [[3e7b]] – hPP1 catalytic subunit + tumor-inducing toxin<br />
**[[1fjm]] – PP1 + tumor-inducing toxin - rabbit<br />
**[[3egg]] – hPP1 catalytic subunit + spinophilin<br />
**[[3hvq]] – hPP1 catalytic subunit + neuroabin<br />
**[[3n5u]] – hPP1A catalytic subunit + retinoblastoma-associated protein<br />
**[[3v4y]] – hPP1A catalytic subunit + PP1 nuclear inhibitor<br />
**[[4g9j]] – hPP1A catalytic subunit + peptide<br />
**[[3egh]] – hPP1 catalytic subunit + spinophilin + toxin<br />
**[[1it6]] – hPP1 catalytic subunit + calyculin<br />
**[[1s70]] – hPP1 catalytic subunit (mutant) + smooth muscle myosin phosphatase<br />
**[[2o8a]], [[2o8g]] – PP1C catalytic subunit + inhibitor - rat<br />
**[[2rlt]] – PP1 regulatory subunit – pig - NMR<br />
 
*Protein phosphatase 2A
 
**[[1b3u]], [[2ixm]], [[2jak]], [[2g62]] – hPP2A regulatory subunit <br />
**[[2pkg]] – hPP2A regulatory subunit + small T antigen<br />
**[[2pf4]] – PP2A regulatory subunit + small T antigen - mouse<br />
**[[2ie3]], [[2ie4]], [[2npp]], [[2nyl]], [[2nym]], [[2iae]], [[3dw8]], [[3k7v]], [[3k7w]] – hPP2A catalytic + regulatory subunit + tumor-inducing toxin<br />
**[[3fga]] – hPP2C catalytic + regulatory subunit + tumor-inducing toxin + Sgo<br />
**[[3c5w]] – hPP2A catalytic + regulatory subunit + PP2A-specific methyltransferase<br />
**[[3p71]] – hPP2A catalytic subunit + leucine carboxyl methyltransferase<br />
 
*Protein phosphatase 2C
 
**[[1a6q]] – hPP2C <br />
**[[2iq1]] – hPP2C κ <br />
**[[2p8e]] – hPP2C β<br />
**[[2cm1]] – PP2C + Mn – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
**[[3d8k]] – PP2C – ''Toxoplasma gondii''<br />
**[[3jrq]], [[3kdj]], [[3nmn]] – AtPP2C + Pyl1 – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
**[[3nmt]], [[3kb3]], [[3nmv]], [[3ujl]] – AtPP2C + Pyl2<br />
**[[4la7]], [[4lg5]], [4lga]], [[4lgb]] – AtPP2C + Pyl2 + ligand<br />
**[[4ds8]] – AtPP2C + Pyl3 + Mn<br />
**[[3rt0]] – AtPP2C (mutant) + Pyl10<br />
**[[4n0g]] – AtPP2C + Pyl13<br />
**[[3qn1]], [[3zvu]] – AtPP2C + Pyr1<br />
**[[3ujg]] – AtPP2C + SNRK2<br />
**[[3ujk]] – AtPP2C <br />


*Protein phosphatase 5
</StructureSection>


**[[1s95]] – hPP5 catalytic domain <br />
== References ==
**[[2g62]] – hPP5 <br />
<references/>
**[[2bug]] – hPP5 tetratricopeptide domain + Hsp90 peptide<br />
**[[3h60]] – hPP5 catalytic domain + Mn<br />
**[[3h61]], [[3h62]], [[3h63]], [[3h64]] – hPP5 catalytic domain + Mn + inhibitor<br />
**[[3h66]] – hPP5 catalytic domain + Zn <br />
**[[3h67]], [[3h68]], [[3h69]] – hPP5 catalytic domain + Zn + inhibitor<br />
}}
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Latest revision as of 07:57, 23 July 2024

Human PP2A catalytic (green) and regulatory (cyan) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin and sulfate 3k7v

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References

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