Arrestin: Difference between revisions

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== Function ==

'''Arrestin''' (ARR) is a ubiquitous protein which binds to the G protein-coupled receptor after its phosphorylation. ARR binding blocks further G protein-mediated signaling and redirects signaling to alternative non-G protein-independent pathways. Hence, ARR are versatile adaptor molecules which can also activate signaling cascades and are involved in nuclear functions.

'''Arrestin''' (ARR) is a ubiquitous protein which binds to the G protein-coupled receptor after its phosphorylation. ARR binding blocks further G protein-mediated signaling and redirects signaling to alternative non-G protein-independent pathways. Hence, ARR are versatile adaptor molecules which can also activate signaling cascades and are involved in nuclear functions.<ref>PMID:10219246</ref>

*'''Arrestin-2''' is regulator of B-cell function<ref>PMID:28145434</ref>.

*'''Arrestin-3''' assists in activation of JNK3 <ref>PMID:37371033</ref>.

*'''Arrestin-4''' or '''cone arrestin''' binds in a cone cell th G protein kinase to desensitise opsin.

*'''S-arrestin''' binds to photo activated Rho and terminates its signaling.

== Structural highlights ==

ARR consist of 2 domains. The N terminal domain structure is immunoglobulin-like. The binding site of phosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin is located at the N terminal of ARR.

*<scene name='70/706269/Cv/3'>Ba+2 ion binding sites</scene>.

</~~StructureSection~~>

== 3D Structures of arrestin ==

[[Arrestin 3D structures]]

~~Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}~~

</StructureSection>

~~{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|~~

*Arrestin-2 (β-arrestin-1)

**[[1g4m]], [[1g4r]], [[1jsy]], [[2wtr]] – bARR2 - bovine

**[[1zsh]] – bARR2 + inositol hexakisphosphate

**[[3gc3]], [[3gd1]] – bARR2 + clathrin heavy chain

**[[4jqi]] – rARR2 + antibody + vasopressin V2 receptor peptide - rat

*Arrestin-3 (β-arrestin-2)

**[[3p2d]] – bARR3

*S-arrestin (P44)

**[[1ayr]], [[1cf1]], [[3ugu]], [[3ugx]], [[4j2q]] – bS-ARR

*Arrestin-4 or Cone arrestin

**[[1suj]] – ARRC – tiger salamander

}}

== References ==

[[Category:Topic Page]]

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-<StructureSection load='2wtr' size='340' side='right' caption='Bovine arrestin-2 complex with Ba+2 ions (PDB code [[2wtr]])' scene=''>
+<StructureSection load='2wtr' size='340' side='right' caption='Bovine arrestin-2 complex with Ba+2 ions (PDB code [[2wtr]])' scene='70/706269/Cv/1'>
 == Function ==
-'''Arrestin''' (ARR) is a ubiquitous protein which binds to the G protein-coupled receptor after its phosphorylation.  ARR binding blocks further G protein-mediated signaling and redirects signaling to alternative non-G protein-independent pathways.  Hence, ARR are versatile adaptor molecules which can also activate signaling cascades and are involved in nuclear functions.
+'''Arrestin''' (ARR) is a ubiquitous protein which binds to the G protein-coupled receptor after its phosphorylation.  ARR binding blocks further G protein-mediated signaling and redirects signaling to alternative non-G protein-independent pathways.  Hence, ARR are versatile adaptor molecules which can also activate signaling cascades and are involved in nuclear functions.<ref>PMID:10219246</ref>
+*'''Arrestin-2''' is regulator of B-cell function<ref>PMID:28145434</ref>.
+*'''Arrestin-3''' assists in activation of JNK3 <ref>PMID:37371033</ref>.
+*'''Arrestin-4''' or '''cone arrestin''' binds in a cone cell th G protein kinase to desensitise opsin.
+*'''S-arrestin''' binds to photo activated Rho and terminates its signaling.
 == Structural highlights ==
 ARR consist of 2 domains.  The N terminal domain structure is immunoglobulin-like.  The binding site of phosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin is located at the N terminal of ARR.
+*<scene name='70/706269/Cv/3'>Ba+2 ion binding sites</scene>.
-</StructureSection>
 == 3D Structures of arrestin ==
+[[Arrestin 3D structures]]
-Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
+</StructureSection>
-{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
-*Arrestin-2 (β-arrestin-1)
-**[[1g4m]], [[1g4r]], [[1jsy]], [[2wtr]] – bARR2 - bovine<br />
-**[[1zsh]] – bARR2 + inositol hexakisphosphate<br />
-**[[3gc3]], [[3gd1]] – bARR2 + clathrin heavy chain<br />
-**[[4jqi]] – rARR2 + antibody + vasopressin V2 receptor peptide - rat<br />
-*Arrestin-3 (β-arrestin-2)
-**[[3p2d]] – bARR3 <br />
-*S-arrestin (P44)
-**[[1ayr]], [[1cf1]], [[3ugu]], [[3ugx]], [[4j2q]] – bS-ARR <br />
-*Arrestin-4 or Cone arrestin
-**[[1suj]] – ARRC – tiger salamander <br />
-}}
 == References ==
 <references/>
+[[Category:Topic Page]]