Defensin: Difference between revisions

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__TOC__

== Function ==

'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. DEF are found in cells of the immune system. DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref> For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]].

'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. DEF are found in cells of the immune system. DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref> For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]]. '''Alpha-, beta- and theta-defensins''' are classified according to their invariant Cys-Cys spacings and the topology of the disulphide bridges.

*'''alpha defensins''' are antibiotic peptides produced in the Paneth cells of the small intestines defending against pathogens<ref>PMID:24246978</ref>.

*'''theta defensins''' are cyclic antibiotic peptides <ref>PMID:15544531</ref>.

== Relevance ==

There is increase in α-DEF in chronic inflammations and several cancers. DEF-mimetics are developed as antibiotics.

There is increase in α-DEF in chronic inflammations and several cancers. DEF-mimetics are developed as antibiotics<ref>PMID:2997278</ref>.

== Disease ==

Overexpression of α-defensin is seen in chronic inflammation, several cancers and in T-cells of schizophrenia patients.

Overexpression of α-defensin is seen in chronic inflammation, several cancers and in T-cells of schizophrenia patients<ref>PMID:25265350</ref>.

== Structural highlights ==

DEF contains 6-8 conserved cysteine residues.

DEF contains <scene name='50/509378/Cv/5'>6-8 conserved cysteine residues</scene>.

</~~StructureSection~~>

==3D structures of defensin==

~~Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}~~

[[Defensin 3D structures]]

~~{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|~~

*α-defensin

</StructureSection>

**[[1ica]] – DEFA – ''Protophormia terraenovae''

**[[1ews]] – DEFA RK-1 – rabbit – NMR

**[[2k1i]] - RmDEFA – Rhesus macaque - NMR

**[[1zmh]], [[1zmi]], [[1zmk]] - hDEFA HNP-2 (mutant) – human

**[[3gny]], [[3go0]], [[3hj2]] - hDEFA HNP-1

**[[2kht]] - hDEFA HNP-1 - NMR

**[[2pm1]], [[2pm4]], [[2pm5]], [[3hjd]], [[3h6c]], [[3lo1]], [[3lo2]], [[3lo4]], [[3lo6]], [[3lo8]], [[3loe]], [[3lvx]], [[4du0]], [[4lb1]], [[4lb7]], [[4lbb]], [[4lbf]] - hDEFA HNP-1 (mutant)

**[[1zmm]] – hDEFA4

**[[2lew]] – mDEFA4 (mutant) – mouse – NMR

**[[2ley]] – mDEFA4 – NMR

**[[1zmp]] – hDEFA5

**[[2lxz]] – hDEFA5 – NMR

**[[3i5w]], [[4e82]], [[4e83]], [[4e86]] – hDEFA5 (mutant)

**[[1zmq]] – hDEFA6

**[[3qte]] – hDEFA6 (mutant)

*β-defensin

**[[1iju]], [[1ijv]] – hDEFB1

**[[2nlb]], [[2nld]], [[2nle]], [[2nlf]], [[2nlg]], [[2nlh]], [[2nlp]], [[2nlq]], [[2nls]], [[2plz]], [[2lwl]], [[2nlc]] - hDEFB1 (mutant)

**[[1e4s]], [[1kj5]] – hDEFB1 – NMR

**[[1fd3]], [[1fd4]] – hDEFB2

**[[1fqq]], [[1e4q]] - hDEFB2 – NMR

**[[2lg5]] - cDEFB2 – chicken – NMR

**[[2lg6]] - cDEFB2 (mutant) – NMR

**[[1kj6]] – hDEFB3 – NMR

**[[1e4t]] – mDEFB7 – NMR

**[[1e4r]] - mDEFB8 – NMR

**[[1bnb]] – DEFB12 – bovine – NMR

*ϑ-defensin

**[[1hvz]] – RmDEF1 – NMR

*Other defensins

**[[1dfn]] – hDEF HNP-3

**[[3lo9]] – hDEF1 (mutant)

**[[2mit]] – hDEF5 – NMR

**[[1fjn]] – DEF MGD-1 – Mediterranean mussel

**[[1mr4]] – tDEF NAD1 – tobacco – NMR

**[[4aaz]], [[4ab0]] - tDEF NAD1

**[[4cqk]] - tDEF NAD1 + ligand

**[[1ozz]] – AdDEF ARD1 – ''Archaeoprepona demophon'' – NMR

**[[1p00]], [[1p0a]] - AdDEF ARD1 (mutant) – NMR

**[[1ti5]] - VrDEF – ''Vigna radiata'' – NMR

**[[2gl1]] – VrDEF2

**[[2b68]] - DEF – Pacific oyster – NMR

**[[2b5b]] - DEF – Loggerhead turtle – NMR

**[[2e3e]], [[2e3f]], [[2e3g]], [[2ny8]], [[2ny9]], [[2nz3]] - DEF (mutant) – Anopheles – NMR

**[[2rng]] - DEF – Horseshoe crab – NMR

**[[3psm]] – DEF – Potato bean

**[[2ksk]] – DEF5 – Sugarcane - NMR

**[[2lj7]] – DEF – lentil – NMR

**[[2lr3]] – DEF – barrel medic – NMR

}}

== References ==

[[Category:Topic Page]]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<StructureSection load='2pm4' size='350' side='right' caption='Human α-defensin 1 (PDB entry [[2pm4]])' scene=''>
+<StructureSection load='2pm4' size='350' side='right' caption='Human α-defensin 1 (PDB entry [[2pm4]])' scene='50/509378/Cv/4'>
 __TOC__
 == Function ==
-'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses.  DEF are found in cells of the immune system.  DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref>  For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]].
+'''Defensins''' (DEF) are small cationic defense proteins active against bacteria, fungi and viruses.  DEF are found in cells of the immune system.  DEF binds to microbial cell membrane forming pores and thus allowing outflow of essential nutrients thus killing them.<ref>PMID:8528769</ref>  For details on plant DEF see [[Plant defensin]].  '''Alpha-, beta- and theta-defensins''' are classified according to their invariant Cys-Cys spacings and the topology of the disulphide bridges.
+*'''alpha defensins''' are antibiotic peptides produced in the Paneth cells of the small intestines defending against pathogens<ref>PMID:24246978</ref>.
+*'''theta defensins''' are cyclic antibiotic peptides <ref>PMID:15544531</ref>.
 == Relevance ==
-There is increase in α-DEF in chronic inflammations and several cancers.  DEF-mimetics are developed as antibiotics.
+There is increase in α-DEF in chronic inflammations and several cancers.  DEF-mimetics are developed as antibiotics<ref>PMID:2997278</ref>.
 == Disease ==
-Overexpression of α-defensin is seen in chronic inflammation, several cancers and in T-cells of schizophrenia patients.
+Overexpression of α-defensin is seen in chronic inflammation, several cancers and in T-cells of schizophrenia patients<ref>PMID:25265350</ref>.
 == Structural highlights ==
-DEF contains 6-8 conserved cysteine residues.
+DEF contains <scene name='50/509378/Cv/5'>6-8 conserved cysteine residues</scene>.
-</StructureSection>
 ==3D structures of defensin==
-Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
+[[Defensin 3D structures]]
-{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
-*α-defensin
+</StructureSection>
-**[[1ica]] – DEFA – ''Protophormia terraenovae''<BR />
-**[[1ews]] – DEFA RK-1 – rabbit – NMR<BR />
-**[[2k1i]] - RmDEFA – Rhesus macaque - NMR<BR />
-**[[1zmh]], [[1zmi]], [[1zmk]] - hDEFA HNP-2 (mutant) – human<BR />
-**[[3gny]], [[3go0]], [[3hj2]] - hDEFA HNP-1<BR />
-**[[2kht]] - hDEFA HNP-1 - NMR<BR />
-**[[2pm1]], [[2pm4]], [[2pm5]], [[3hjd]], [[3h6c]], [[3lo1]], [[3lo2]], [[3lo4]], [[3lo6]], [[3lo8]], [[3loe]], [[3lvx]], [[4du0]], [[4lb1]], [[4lb7]], [[4lbb]], [[4lbf]] - hDEFA HNP-1 (mutant) <BR />
-**[[1zmm]] – hDEFA4 <BR />
-**[[2lew]] – mDEFA4 (mutant) – mouse – NMR<br />
-**[[2ley]] – mDEFA4 – NMR<br />
-**[[1zmp]] – hDEFA5<BR />
-**[[2lxz]] – hDEFA5 – NMR<br />
-**[[3i5w]], [[4e82]], [[4e83]], [[4e86]] – hDEFA5 (mutant) <BR />
-**[[1zmq]] – hDEFA6<BR />
-**[[3qte]] – hDEFA6 (mutant)
-*β-defensin
-**[[1iju]], [[1ijv]] – hDEFB1<BR />
-**[[2nlb]], [[2nld]], [[2nle]], [[2nlf]], [[2nlg]], [[2nlh]], [[2nlp]], [[2nlq]], [[2nls]], [[2plz]], [[2lwl]], [[2nlc]] -  hDEFB1 (mutant) <BR />
-**[[1e4s]], [[1kj5]] – hDEFB1 – NMR<BR />
-**[[1fd3]], [[1fd4]] – hDEFB2 <BR />
-**[[1fqq]], [[1e4q]] - hDEFB2 – NMR<BR />
-**[[2lg5]] - cDEFB2 – chicken – NMR<BR />
-**[[2lg6]] - cDEFB2 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
-**[[1kj6]] – hDEFB3 – NMR<BR />
-**[[1e4t]] – mDEFB7 – NMR<BR />
-**[[1e4r]] - mDEFB8 – NMR<BR />
-**[[1bnb]] – DEFB12 – bovine – NMR<BR />
-*ϑ-defensin
-**[[1hvz]] – RmDEF1 – NMR<BR />
-*Other defensins
-**[[1dfn]] – hDEF HNP-3 <BR />
-**[[3lo9]] – hDEF1 (mutant)<br />
-**[[2mit]] – hDEF5 – NMR<br />
-**[[1fjn]] – DEF MGD-1 – Mediterranean mussel<BR />
-**[[1mr4]] – tDEF NAD1 – tobacco – NMR<BR />
-**[[4aaz]], [[4ab0]] - tDEF NAD1<BR />
-**[[4cqk]] - tDEF NAD1 + ligand<br />
-**[[1ozz]] – AdDEF ARD1 – ''Archaeoprepona demophon'' – NMR<BR />
-**[[1p00]], [[1p0a]] - AdDEF ARD1 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
-**[[1ti5]] - VrDEF – ''Vigna radiata'' – NMR<BR />
-**[[2gl1]] – VrDEF2<BR />
-**[[2b68]] - DEF – Pacific oyster – NMR<BR />
-**[[2b5b]] - DEF – Loggerhead turtle – NMR<BR />
-**[[2e3e]], [[2e3f]], [[2e3g]], [[2ny8]], [[2ny9]], [[2nz3]] - DEF (mutant) – Anopheles – NMR<BR />
-**[[2rng]] - DEF – Horseshoe crab – NMR<BR />
-**[[3psm]] – DEF – Potato bean<BR />
-**[[2ksk]] – DEF5 – Sugarcane - NMR<BR />
-**[[2lj7]] – DEF – lentil – NMR<br />
-**[[2lr3]] – DEF – barrel medic – NMR<br />
-}}
 == References ==
 <references/>
 [[Category:Topic Page]]