Sandbox Reserved 1175: Difference between revisions

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{{Sandbox_Reserved_CH462_Central_Metabolism}}

==Human ''Lysophosphatodic Acid'' Receptor 1==

~~<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>~~

~~This is a default text for your page ''''''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.~~

~~You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.~~

== Structure ==

==Lysophosphatodic Acid==

[[Image:LPA.png|200px|left|thumb|'''Figure 1:''' Chemical Structure of LPA

]]

==Function==

LPA, a signaling phospholipid, can attach to three specific G-protein-coupled receptors. LPA can activate multiple pathways in particular, Ras and Pho which belong to the family of GTPases. Another use of LPA is it can help in stimulation of cell migration <ref name="Moolenaar"> DOI: 10.1002/bies.20081 </ref>.

<scene name='72/721546/Lpa-helices/1'>Helices</scene>

==Structure==

===Comparison of S1P and LPA===

Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors (LPA) are part of a larger family known as lysophospholipid receptor family (EDG family). Within this family there is a structure called S1P1. Since only the structures for LPA1 and S1P1 are known in the EDG family, comparisons are made between the two structures <ref name= "Chrencik"> PMID: 26091040 </ref>.

There is a difference in binding paths between these two receptors. The binding path in the LPA1 is located in the extracellular milieu. While in the S1P1 the ligands are able to have access to the membrane so that the binding can occur. [[Image:LPA1vs. SAP1.png|300px|left|thumb|'''Figure 2:''' Comparison of the binding pockets of LPA1 and S1P1 receptors]] There is a difference in the shape of the electron density from the binding pocket. In S1P1 the binding pocket has more of an oval shape. For the LPA1 receptor the binding pocket has a spherical shape. Since the binding pocket is more spherical it gives LPA1 the ability to be able to recognize a larger group of chemical species. In particular the ability to bind with acyl chains of varying lengths <ref name= "Chrencik"/>.

== Function ==

== Relevance ==

~~===Clinical Testing===~~

</StructureSection>

==Clinical Testing==

LPA is still in the clinical stage of testing. So far the LPA receptors have had physiological effects on every organism that it has been tested with. There have been studies done looking at what happens with infertility, fibrosis, pain, and cancer when they come into contact with LPA receptors <ref name= "Chrencik"/>. LPA receptors are commonly found in serum and saliva. <ref name= "Moolenaar"/>.

===Pain===

LPA, a signaling phospholipid, that attaches to three specific G-protein-coupled receptors. After an injury occurs LPA is released in the body. It then will activate G-protein-coupled receptors. Within the nervous system, LPA plays a role in the nociceptive process (nociceptive pain is a sharp pain that can come from a mild burn or twisted ankle). The LPA signaling will activate GTPase RhoA. Once activated Rho translocates to the plasma membrane. Rho will activate Rho kinase (ROCK). Mice with the deletation of LPA1 receptors were studied to see the role that LPA signaling played in pain. In a study done with mice, those without the LPA1 receptor had lower levels of pain.<ref name= "Inoue"> DOI:10.1038/nm1060 </ref>. Another use of LPA is it can help in stimulation of cell migration <ref name= "Moolenaar"/>.

~~This is~~ a ~~sample scene created~~ with ~~SAT to~~ <~~scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1"~~>~~color~~</~~scene~~> ~~by Group, and another~~ to ~~make~~ <~~scene name="~~/12/~~3456~~/~~Sample~~/2">~~a transparent representation~~</~~scene~~> ~~of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading~~ and ~~editing one of these sample scenes~~.

=== Fibrosis ===

To better understand the role the LPA plays in fibrosis, a study was done with mice who had contracted fibrosis <ref> PMID:18066075 </ref>. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has high rates of mortality. Research has been done to study the pathway of the LPA-LPA1 in fibroblast migration ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_healing#Fibroplasia_and_granulation_tissue_formation]). The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in mice that had fibrosis was elevated. The research supported the hypothesis that LPA1 plays an active role between lung injury and contracting pulmonary fibrosis.

~~</StructureSection>~~

== References ==

Sandbox Reserved 1175: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Sandbox_Reserved_CH462_Central_Metabolism}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->
 ==Human ''Lysophosphatodic Acid'' Receptor 1==
-<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
-This is a default text for your page ''''''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the &lt; and &gt; signs.
-You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.
-== Structure ==
+==Lysophosphatodic Acid==
+[[Image:LPA.png|200px|left|thumb|'''Figure 1:''' Chemical Structure of LPA
+]]
+==Function==
+LPA, a signaling phospholipid, can attach to three specific G-protein-coupled receptors.  LPA can activate multiple pathways in particular, Ras and Pho which belong to the family of GTPases.  Another use of LPA is it can help in stimulation of cell migration <ref name="Moolenaar"> DOI: 10.1002/bies.20081 </ref>.
+<scene name='72/721546/Lpa-helices/1'>Helices</scene>
+==Structure==
+<StructureSection load='4z34' size='340' side='right' caption='LPA' scene=''>
 ===Comparison of S1P and LPA===
+Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors (LPA) are part of a larger family known as lysophospholipid receptor family (EDG family).  Within this family there is a structure called S1P1.  Since only the structures for LPA<sub>1</sub> and S1P<sub>1</sub> are known in the EDG family, comparisons are made between the two structures <ref name= "Chrencik"> PMID: 26091040 </ref>.
+There is a difference in binding paths between these two receptors.  The binding path in the LPA<sub>1</sub> is located in the extracellular milieu.  While in the S1P<sub>1</sub> the ligands are able to have access to the membrane so that the binding can occur.  [[Image:LPA1vs. SAP1.png|300px|left|thumb|'''Figure 2:''' Comparison of the binding pockets of LPA<sub>1</sub> and S1P<sub>1</sub> receptors]] There is a difference in the shape of the electron density from the binding pocket.  In S1P<sub>1</sub> the binding pocket has more of an oval shape.  For the LPA<sub>1</sub> receptor the binding pocket has a spherical shape.  Since the binding pocket is more spherical it gives LPA<sub>1</sub> the ability to be able to recognize a larger group of chemical species.  In particular the ability to bind with acyl chains of varying lengths <ref name= "Chrencik"/>.
 == Function ==
 == Relevance ==
-===Clinical Testing===
+</StructureSection>
+==Clinical Testing==
+LPA is still in the clinical stage of testing.  So far the LPA receptors have had physiological effects on every organism that it has been tested with.  There have been studies done looking at what happens with infertility, fibrosis, pain, and cancer when they come into contact with LPA receptors <ref name= "Chrencik"/>.  LPA receptors are commonly found in serum and saliva. <ref name= "Moolenaar"/>.
+===Pain===
+LPA, a signaling phospholipid, that attaches to three specific G-protein-coupled receptors.  After an injury occurs LPA is released in the body.  It then will activate G-protein-coupled receptors.  Within the nervous system, LPA plays a role in the nociceptive process (nociceptive pain is a sharp pain that can come from a mild burn or twisted ankle).  The LPA signaling will activate GTPase RhoA.  Once activated Rho translocates to the plasma membrane.  Rho will activate Rho kinase (ROCK).  Mice with the deletation of LPA<sub>1</sub> receptors were studied to see the role that LPA signaling played in pain.  In a study done with mice, those without the LPA<sub>1</sub> receptor had lower levels of pain.<ref name= "Inoue"> DOI:10.1038/nm1060 </ref>.  Another use of LPA is it can help in stimulation of cell migration <ref name= "Moolenaar"/>.
-This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.
+=== Fibrosis ===
+To better understand the role the LPA plays in fibrosis, a study was done with mice who had contracted fibrosis <ref> PMID:18066075 </ref>.  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has high rates of mortality.  Research has been done to study the pathway of the LPA-LPA<sub>1</sub> in fibroblast migration ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_healing#Fibroplasia_and_granulation_tissue_formation]).  The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in mice that had fibrosis was elevated.  The research supported the hypothesis that LPA<sub>1</sub> plays an active role between lung injury and contracting pulmonary fibrosis.
-</StructureSection>
 == References ==
 <references/>