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| <StructureSection load='1iau' size='400' side='right' caption='Structure of glycosylated human granzyme B (green) complex with pentapeptide inhibitor (magenta) and Zn+2 ions (grey) (PDB entry [[1iau]])' scene='51/517375/Cv/1'> | | <StructureSection load='1iau' size='400' side='right' caption='Structure of glycosylated human granzyme B (green) complex with pentapeptide inhibitor (magenta) and Zn+2 ions (grey) (PDB entry [[1iau]])' scene='51/517375/Cv/1'> |
| == Function == | | == Function == |
| '''Granzymes''' (GZM) are serine proteases which induce apoptosis in virus-infected cells<ref>PMID:17158907</ref>.<br /> | | '''Granzymes''' (GZM) or '''cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 1''' are serine proteases which induce apoptosis in virus-infected cells<ref>PMID:17158907</ref>.<br /> |
| *'''Granzyme A''' is the most abundant serine protease in killer cells cytotoxic granules <ref>PMID:20536557</ref>.<br /> | | *'''Granzyme A''' is the most abundant serine protease in killer cells cytotoxic granules <ref>PMID:20536557</ref>.<br /> |
| *'''Granzyme B and C''' induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated target cell apoptosis <ref>PMID:12752668</ref>.<br /> | | *'''Granzyme B and C''' induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated target cell apoptosis <ref>PMID:12752668</ref>.<br /> |
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| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| The <scene name='51/517375/Cv/2'>active site</scene> of human GZMB contains the <scene name='51/517375/Cv/5'>typical serine protease catalytic triad</scene> and <scene name='51/517375/Cv/4'>oxyanion hole</scene><ref>PMID:11325591</ref>. | | The <scene name='51/517375/Cv/6'>active site</scene> of human GZMB contains the <scene name='51/517375/Cv/7'>typical serine protease catalytic triad</scene> and <scene name='51/517375/Cv/8'>oxyanion hole</scene><ref>PMID:11325591</ref>. |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
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Latest revision as of 09:02, 12 August 2026
| Function
Granzymes (GZM) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proteinase 1 are serine proteases which induce apoptosis in virus-infected cells[1].
- Granzyme A is the most abundant serine protease in killer cells cytotoxic granules [2].
- Granzyme B and C induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated target cell apoptosis [3].
- Granzyme H helps granzyme B kill adenovirus-infected cells [4].
- Granzyme K functions in a similar way to granzyme A [5].
- Granzyme M induces target cell death, inhibits viral replication and regulates inflammation [6].
Structural highlights
The active site of human GZMB contains the typical serine protease catalytic triad and oxyanion hole[7].
- ↑ Bots M, Medema JP. Granzymes at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2006 Dec 15;119(Pt 24):5011-4. PMID:17158907 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.03239
- ↑ Lieberman J. Granzyme A activates another way to die. Immunol Rev. 2010 May;235(1):93-104. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00902.x. PMID:20536557 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00902.x
- ↑ Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC. Granzyme B: a natural born killer. Immunol Rev. 2003 Jun;193:31-8. PMID:12752668
- ↑ Waterhouse NJ, Trapani JA. H is for helper: granzyme H helps granzyme B kill adenovirus-infected cells. Trends Immunol. 2007 Sep;28(9):373-5. Epub 2007 Sep 4. PMID:17766182 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2007.08.001
- ↑ Bovenschen N, Quadir R, van den Berg AL, Brenkman AB, Vandenberghe I, Devreese B, Joore J, Kummer JA. Granzyme K displays highly restricted substrate specificity that only partially overlaps with granzyme A. J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 6;284(6):3504-12. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M806716200. Epub 2008, Dec 5. PMID:19059912 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M806716200
- ↑ de Poot SA, Bovenschen N. Granzyme M: behind enemy lines. Cell Death Differ. 2014 Mar;21(3):359-68. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2013.189. Epub 2014, Jan 10. PMID:24413154 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2013.189
- ↑ Rotonda J, Garcia-Calvo M, Bull HG, Geissler WM, McKeever BM, Willoughby CA, Thornberry NA, Becker JW. The three-dimensional structure of human granzyme B compared to caspase-3, key mediators of cell death with cleavage specificity for aspartic acid in P1. Chem Biol. 2001 Apr;8(4):357-68. PMID:11325591
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3D structures of granzyme
Updated on 12-August-2026
{"openlevels":0}
- Granzyme A
- Granzyme B
- 1fi8 – GZM (mutant) + ecotin – rat
- 1fq3 – hGZM
- 1iau – hGZM + polypeptide
- Granzyme C
- 3fzz – mGZM – mouse
- 3g01 – mGZM (mutant)
- Granzyme H
- Granzyme K
- Granzyme M
References
