Sandbox WWC6: Difference between revisions
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<scene name='69/696302/Alpha-hemolysin/1'>Alpha-hemolysin</scene> | <scene name='69/696302/Alpha-hemolysin/1'>Alpha-hemolysin</scene> | ||
[http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Pore_forming_toxin,_%CE%B1-hemolysin Alpha hemolysin] causes a partial lysis of red blood cells. The heptameric pore assembles from water-soluble subunits. The alpha subunit, depicted right, consists seven identical monomeric units that exhibit rotational symmetry in oligomerized form. Each distinct subunit is differently colored for easy identification. The beta-barrel transmembrane domain is 50 Å in length. <ref>http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/hemolysin/<ref> | [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Pore_forming_toxin,_%CE%B1-hemolysin Alpha hemolysin] causes a partial lysis of red blood cells. The heptameric pore assembles from water-soluble subunits. The alpha subunit, depicted right, consists seven identical monomeric units that exhibit rotational symmetry in oligomerized form. Each distinct subunit is differently colored for easy identification. The beta-barrel transmembrane domain is 50 Å in length. <ref>http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/hemolysin/</ref> | ||
<scene name='69/696302/Alpha-hemolysin_polar_residues/1'>Alpha-hemolysin residue polarity</scene> | <scene name='69/696302/Alpha-hemolysin_polar_residues/1'>Alpha-hemolysin residue polarity</scene> | ||
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==Pathogenic microorganisms== | ==Pathogenic microorganisms== | ||
Pore-forming toxins have been shown to closely relate to the pathogenicity of the toxin-producing organism. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1930675<ref> Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are producers of hemolysins, as well as some clinically relevant fungi. Toxin secretion facillitates the availability of water, ions, and small molecules like sugar for the secreting pathogen. Hemolysin producing pathogen are identified by their ability to lyse cells in vitro. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin<ref> | Pore-forming toxins have been shown to closely relate to the pathogenicity of the toxin-producing organism. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1930675</ref> Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are producers of hemolysins, as well as some clinically relevant fungi. Toxin secretion facillitates the availability of water, ions, and small molecules like sugar for the secreting pathogen. Hemolysin producing pathogen are identified by their ability to lyse cells in vitro. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin</ref> | ||
==Mechanism== | ==Mechanism== | ||
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===Oncology=== | ===Oncology=== | ||
Thermostable direct hemoslysin (TDH) is one type of hemolysin, secreted by ''Vibrio parahaemolyticus'', that may be linked to the down regulation of colon carcinoma cell proliferation. The presence of this hemolysin is responsible for the influx of calcium ions from the extracellular space, activating protein kinase C, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity on a key growth factor of this cancer.<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030441651200116X<ref> | Thermostable direct hemoslysin (TDH) is one type of hemolysin, secreted by ''Vibrio parahaemolyticus'', that may be linked to the down regulation of colon carcinoma cell proliferation. The presence of this hemolysin is responsible for the influx of calcium ions from the extracellular space, activating protein kinase C, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity on a key growth factor of this cancer.<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030441651200116X</ref> | ||
===Hemolytic anemia=== | ===Hemolytic anemia=== | ||
Hemolytic anemia occurs when lysis of red blood cells occurs | Hemolytic anemia occurs when lysis of red blood cells occurs at rates faster than they can be replaced by bone marrow. Hypoxia due to this condition can result in dizziness, shortness of breath, poor maintenance of body temperature, and jaundice.<ref>https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ha</ref> | ||
[[Image:Hemolysis3-147A9D970590BADE656.jpg]] | [[Image:Hemolysis3-147A9D970590BADE656.jpg]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
