2n0x

Three dimensional structure of EPI-X4, a human albumin-derived peptide that regulates innate immunity through the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemotactic axis and antagonizes HIV-1 entry

spinqualitylabelsall models 2n0x Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 2n0x is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Method: Solution NMR Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Disease ALBU_HUMAN Defects in ALB are a cause of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) [MIM:103600. FDH is a form of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia that is due to increased affinity of ALB for T(4). It is the most common cause of inherited euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia in Caucasian population. Function ALBU_HUMAN Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc. Publication Abstract from PubMed CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling controls multiple physiological processes and its dysregulation is associated with cancers and inflammatory diseases. To discover as-yet-unknown endogenous ligands of CXCR4, we screened a blood-derived peptide library for inhibitors of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains. This approach identified a 16 amino acid fragment of serum albumin as an effective and highly specific CXCR4 antagonist. The endogenous peptide, termed EPI-X4, is evolutionarily conserved and generated from the highly abundant albumin precursor by pH-regulated proteases. EPI-X4 forms an unusual lasso-like structure and antagonizes CXCL12-induced tumor cell migration, mobilizes stem cells, and suppresses inflammatory responses in mice. Furthermore, the peptide is abundant in the urine of patients with inflammatory kidney diseases and may serve as a biomarker. Our results identify EPI-X4 as a key regulator of CXCR4 signaling and introduce proteolysis of an abundant precursor protein as an alternative concept for chemokine receptor regulation. Discovery and characterization of an endogenous CXCR4 antagonist.,Zirafi O, Kim KA, Standker L, Mohr KB, Sauter D, Heigele A, Kluge SF, Wiercinska E, Chudziak D, Richter R, Moepps B, Gierschik P, Vas V, Geiger H, Lamla M, Weil T, Burster T, Zgraja A, Daubeuf F, Frossard N, Hachet-Haas M, Heunisch F, Reichetzeder C, Galzi JL, Perez-Castells J, Canales-Mayordomo A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Gimenez-Gallego G, Schneider M, Shorter J, Telenti A, Hocher B, Forssmann WG, Bonig H, Kirchhoff F, Munch J Cell Rep. 2015 May 5;11(5):737-47. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.061. Epub 2015, Apr 23. PMID:25921529 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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