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==NMR structure of KYE21 in LPS micelles==
==NMR structure of KYE21 in LPS micelles==
<StructureSection load='2ncu' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2ncu]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2ncu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2ncu]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2ncu]] is a 1 chain structure. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NCU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NCU FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2ncu]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NCU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NCU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2ncv|2ncv]], [[2ncw|2ncw]]</td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ncu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2ncu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2ncu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2ncu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2ncu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2ncu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ncu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2ncu OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2ncu PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2ncu RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2ncu PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2ncu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEP2_HUMAN HEP2_HUMAN]] Defects in SERPIND1 are the cause of thrombophilia due to heparin cofactor 2 deficiency (THPH10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/612356 612356]]. A hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to recurrent thrombosis.<ref>PMID:2647747</ref> <ref>PMID:10391209</ref> <ref>PMID:11204559</ref> <ref>PMID:15337701</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEP2_HUMAN HEP2_HUMAN] Defects in SERPIND1 are the cause of thrombophilia due to heparin cofactor 2 deficiency (THPH10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612356 612356]. A hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to recurrent thrombosis.<ref>PMID:2647747</ref> <ref>PMID:10391209</ref> <ref>PMID:11204559</ref> <ref>PMID:15337701</ref>  
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEP2_HUMAN HEP2_HUMAN]] Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT-III). Also inhibits chymotrypsin, but in a glycosaminoglycan-independent manner.<ref>PMID:1939083</ref>  Peptides at the N-terminal of HC-II have chemotactic activity for both monocytes and neutrophils.<ref>PMID:1939083</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEP2_HUMAN HEP2_HUMAN] Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT-III). Also inhibits chymotrypsin, but in a glycosaminoglycan-independent manner.<ref>PMID:1939083</ref>  Peptides at the N-terminal of HC-II have chemotactic activity for both monocytes and neutrophils.<ref>PMID:1939083</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The objective of the present study is the investigation of possibilities for boosting peptide anti-inflammatory effects by tryptophan end-tagging, including identification of underlying mechanisms for this. In doing so, effects of tryptophan end-tagging of KYE21 (KYEITTIHNLFRKLTHRLFRR), a peptide derived from heparin co-factor II, on membrane and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interactions were investigated by ellipsometry, NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism measurements. Through its N-terminal W stretch, WWWKYE21 displays higher membrane binding, liposome rupture, and bacterial killing than unmodified KYE21. Analogously, W-tagging promotes binding to E. coli LPS and to its endotoxic lipid A moiety. Furthermore, WWWKYE21 causes more stable peptide/LPS complexes than KYE21, as evidenced by detailed NMR studies, adopting a pronounced helical conformation, with a large hydrophobic surface at the N-terminus due to the presence of W-residues, and a flexible C-terminus due to presence of several positively charged arginine residues. Mirroring its increased affinity for LPS and lipid A, WWWKYE21 displays strongly increased anti-inflammatory effect due to a combination of direct lipid A binding, peptide-induced charge reversal of cell membranes for LPS scavenging, and peptide-induced fragmentation of LPS aggregates for improved phagocytosis. Importantly, potent anti-inflammatory effects were observed at low cell toxicity, demonstrated for both monocytes and erythrocytes.
 
Tryptophan end-tagging for promoted lipopolysaccharide interactions and anti-inflammatory effects.,Singh S, Datta A, Schmidtchen A, Bhunia A, Malmsten M Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 16;7(1):212. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00188-7. PMID:28303012<ref>PMID:28303012</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2ncu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bhunia, A]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Datta, A]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Malmsten, M]]
[[Category: Bhunia A]]
[[Category: Antimicrobial peptide]]
[[Category: Datta A]]
[[Category: Antimicrobial protein]]
[[Category: Malmsten M]]
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