Bacteriorhodopsin: Difference between revisions

From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
← Older edit
Michal Harel (talk | contribs)
32,831 edits
No edit summary
Michal Harel (talk | contribs)
32,831 edits
No edit summary
 
(10 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<StructureSection load='3han' size='350' side='right' scene='46/463242/Cv/4' caption='Bacteriorhodopsin complex with retinal, [[3han]]'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='46/463242/Cv/4' caption='Bacteriorhodopsin complex with retinal, [[3han]]'>
__TOC__
== Function ==


== Function ==
'''Bacteriorhodopsin''' (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane<ref>PMID:28008064</ref>.  See also [[Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)]].<br />
'''Halorhodopsin''' uses light energy to pump chloride through biological membranes in Haloarchaea<ref>PMID:10827943</ref>.<br />
'''Sensory rhodopsin''' uses light energy to pump calcium ions through biological membranes.  They are ubiquitous and use retinal as their chromophore<ref>PMID:17005405</ref>.<br />
'''Xanthorhodopsin''' is a light-driven proton pump which uses the carotenoid salinixanthin as a second chromophore<ref>PMID:18515067</ref>.<br />
'''Archaerhodopsin''' responds to yellow or green light by pumping protons out of cells and are used as optogenetic tools<ref>PMID:27524609</ref>.<br />
'''Proteorhodopsins''' are the most abundant retinal-based photoreceptors.  It is found in many marine bacteria<ref>PMID:24060527</ref>.<br />
'''Deltarhodopsin''' is a light-driven proton pump found in the archaebacteria ''Halloterrigena turkmenica''<ref>PMID:23567447</ref>.<br />
'''Xenorhodopsin''' is an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins<ref>PMID:21985229</ref>.<br />


'''Bacteriorhodopsin''' (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane.  See also [[Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)]].
See also [[Rhodopsin]]


== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==


Br is composed of 6 α-helical elements each containing a retinal molecule.  The retinal changes its ground state conformation upon binding of a proton, causing the Br to change conformation to the activated state and pump the proton. <scene name='46/463242/Cv/5'>The retinal interacts predominantly with hydrophobic and aromatic residues</scene> <ref>PMID:19603754</ref> ({{Template:ColorKey_Hydrophobic}},  {{Template:ColorKey_Polar}}).
Br is composed of 6 α-helical elements each containing a retinal molecule.  The retinal changes its ground state conformation upon binding of a proton, causing the Br to change conformation to the activated state and pump the proton. <scene name='46/463242/Cv/6'>The retinal interacts predominantly with hydrophobic and aromatic residues</scene> <ref>PMID:19603754</ref> ({{Template:ColorKey_Hydrophobic}},  {{Template:ColorKey_Polar}}).
</StructureSection>
 
== 3D Structures of bacteriorhodopsin ==
== 3D Structures of bacteriorhodopsin ==
[[Bacteriorhodopsin 3D structures]]


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
</StructureSection>
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
*Bacteriorhodopsin
 
**[[3ns0]], [[3nsb]], [[3mbv]], [[1x0s]], [[1x0i]], [[1x0k]], [[1xji]], [[1iw6]], [[4fpd]], [[2i1x]], [[1kme]], [[1qm8]], [[1bm1]], [[1brr]], [[2brd]], [[4hyx]], [[4xxj]], [[4y9h]], [[5a44]], [[5a45]], [[5b34]], [[5b35]], [[5b6v]], [[5b6w]], [[5b6x]], [[5b6y]], [[5b6z]], [[5h2h]], [[5h2i]], [[5h2j]], [[5h2k]], [[5h2l]], [[5h2m]]– HsBr residues 14-261 + lipid + retinal – ''Halobacterium salinarum''<br />
**[[3vhz]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[2wjk]], [[2wjl]] - HsBr residues 14-261 (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[3han]], [[2hao]], [[3hap]], [[3haq]], [[3har]], [[3has]], [[3coc]], [[3cod]], [[1tn5]], [[1tn0]], [[1s51]], [[1s52]], [[1s53]], [[1s54]], [[1q5i]], [[1q5j]], [[1pxr]], [[1pxs]], [[3hao]], [[3utv]], [[3utw]], [[3utx]], [[3uty]] - HsBr residues 14-261 (mutant) + retinal<br />
**[[2ntu]], [[1py6]], [[1fbb]], [[1fbk]], [[1brx]], [[1ap9]], [[1at9]], [[5br2]], [[5br5]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + retinal<br />
**[[4x31]], [[4x32]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[2at9]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + lipid + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
**[[1brd]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
**[[1s8j]], [[3t45]] - HsBr residues 14-261 (mutant) + lipid + NO3 + retinal<br />
**[[1mgy]] - HsBr residues 14-261 (mutant) + lipid + Br + retinal<br />
**[[1s8l]] - HsBr residues 14-261 (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[4md1]], [[4md2]], [[4ov0]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + lipid<br />
**[[1qhj]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + phytanyl derivavative + retinal<br />
**[[4hwl]] – HsBr + heptane + hexane + retinal<br />
**[[1r84]], [[1r2n]] - HsBr residues 1-232 + retinal – NMR<BR />
**[[1bct]] - HsBr residues 163-231 – NMR<BR />
**[[1bha]], [[1bhb]] - HsBr residues 1-71 - NMR<BR />
**[[1l0m]] – Br (mutant) – ''Halobacterium halobium'' - NMR<BR />
**[[4pxk]] - Br (mutant) – ''Haloarcula marismortuim''<br />
**[[4qi1]], [[4qid]] – HwBr-I – ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''<br />
**[[4wav]] – HwBr-I (mutant)<br />
**[[5azd]] – Br – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
 
*Bacteriorhodopsin intermediates
 
**[[1f50]], [[1c8r]] - HsBr-BR residues 18-244 (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1c3w]] - HsBr-BR residues 5-231 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[2zfe]] – HsBr-K residues 14-261 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1m0k]], [[1m0l]], [[1ixf]] - HsBr-K residues 1-261 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1m0m]] - HsBr-M1 residues 1-261 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1e0p]], [[2ntw]], [[1vjm]] - HsBr-L residues 18-245 + retinal<br />
**[[1ucq]], [[1iw9]], [[1o0a]] – HsBr-L residues 14-261 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1kg8]], [[1kg9]], [[1kgb]], [[1dze]], [[1cwq]], [[2zzl]], [[2i20]], [[2i21]], [[1p8h]] - HsBr-M residues 13-243 + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1f4z]], [[1c8s]], [[1p8i]] - HsBr-M residues 18-244 (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1p8u]] – HsBr-N residues 14-261 (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1jv6]], [[1jv7]], [[3vi0]] - HsBr-O residues 1-261 (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[1qko]], [[1qkp]] - HsBr residues 14-261 + retinal<br />
 
*Halorhodopsin
 
**[[3abw]], [[3a7k]], [[3vvk]] – NpBr+ N3 + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal – ''Natronomonas pharaonis''<br />
**[[3qbg]], [[3qbi]], [[3qbk]], [[3qbl]] - NpBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal<br />
**[[2jaf]], [[2jag]], [[1e12]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid+ retinal<br />
 
*Sensory rhodopsin II
 
**[[2ksy]] – NpBr – NMR<BR />
**[[2f93]], [[2f95]], [[1h2s]] - BpBr + Br transducer + detergent + retinal<br />
**[[3qap]], [[3qdc]] - NpBr + eicosane + lipid + retinal<br />
**[[4gyc]] - NpBr + retinal + eicosane + lipid + Br transducer<br />
**[[1gu8]], [[1gue]], [[1h68]], [[1jgj]] - NpBr + retinal<br />
**[[1xio]] - AnBr + detergent + retinal - ''Anabaena''<br />
**[[4tl3]] - AnBr (mutant) + detergent + retinal<br />
**[[2m3g]] - AnBr + detergent - NMR<br />
 
*Xanthorhodopsin
 
**[[3ddl]] – Br + detergent + salinixanthin + retinal – ''Salinibacter ruber''
 
*Archaerhodopsin
 
**[[2ei4]], [[2z55]] – HaBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal – ''Halobacterium''<br />
**[[1vgo]] - HaBr + detergent + retinal<br />
**[[1uaz]] - HaBr + retinal<br />
 
*Proteorhodopsin
 
**[[2l6x]] - GpPRn + detergents + retinal – ''Gamma proteobacterium''<br />
**[[4kly]], [[4knf]] - GpPRn + retinal<br />
**[[4jq6]] – PRn + retinal + lipid<br />
 
*Deltarhodopsin
 
**[[4fbz]] - Rn + bacterioruberin + retinal – ''Haloterrigena thermotolerans''<br />
 
}}


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Rhodopsin]]
*[[Rhodopsin]]
*[[G protein-coupled receptor]]
*[[G protein-coupled receptor]]


== References ==
== References ==
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/Bacteriorhodopsin"