Sandbox Reserved 1446: Difference between revisions
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{{Sandbox_Reserved_Telford2018}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE --> | <Structure load='2MXU' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='42-Residue Beta Amyloid Fibril' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />{{Sandbox_Reserved_Telford2018}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE --> | ||
Amyloid | Amyloid | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
| Line 11: | Line 10: | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
Amyloids have numerous functions for all organisms: | Amyloids have numerous functions for all organisms: | ||
-Spider silk is formed by amyloids | -Spider silk is formed by amyloids | ||
-Increase cell adhesion on the top of Fungi to have stronger bonding | -Increase cell adhesion on the top of Fungi to have stronger bonding | ||
-Peptides and proteins are stored in the endocrine system of humans as amyloids | -Peptides and proteins are stored in the endocrine system of humans as amyloids | ||
-Malaria uses amyloids as a coat protein | -Malaria uses amyloids as a coat protein | ||
-Gas vesicles (that aid in buoyancy) of aquatic archaea and eubacteria | -Gas vesicles (that aid in buoyancy) of aquatic archaea and eubacteria | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
Amyloids are attributed to multiple diseases, such as: | |||
Amyloidosis- this is where the amyloids build up more often in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, nervous system, and the digestive tract. It cannot be cured but it can be managed so that the build up does not get high enough to cause organ failure. This occurs in most organisms (dogs, cats, humans, etc.). | |||
Alzheimer's- some studies showed that Alzheimer's disease was connected to a build up of beta-amyloid, which causes the cell-to-cell signalling to be blocked in the brain. The same beta-amyloid can cause immune system activation, causing inflammation and deletion of any cell that was disabled by the beta-amyloid. | |||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
Quaternary beta sheet structure, that can be easily copied and multiplied. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
1. "Protein Structure." Particle Sciences - Technical Brief: 2009: Volume 8. http://www.particlesciences.com/news/technical-briefs/2009/protein-structure.html | |||
2. Toyama, B. H., & Weissman, J. S. (2011). Amyloid Structure: Conformational Diversity and Consequences. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 80, 10.1146/annurev–biochem–090908–120656. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-090908-120656 | |||
3. "Amyloidosis." Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178 | |||
4. "AMYLOIDOSIS: A CONVOLUTED STORY-Historical Review." British Journal of Haematology, 2001, Vol 114, pages 529-538. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02999.x | |||
5. Maji, S. K., Perrin, M. H., Sawaya, M. R., Jessberger, S., Vadodaria, K., Rissman, R. A., … Riek, R. (2009). Functional Amyloids as Natural Storage of Peptide Hormones in Pituitary Secretory Granules. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5938), 328–332. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173155 | |||
6. Bayro, M. J., Daviso, E., Belenky, M., Griffin, R. G., & Herzfeld, J. (2012). An Amyloid Organelle, Solid-state NMR Evidence for Cross-β Assembly of Gas Vesicles. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(5), 3479–3484. http://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.313049 | |||
7. "More About Plaques." Alzheimer's Association. https://www.alz.org/braintour/plaques.asp | |||
