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[[Image:2hxx.gif|left|200px]]


{{Structure
==Aminotryptophan Barstar==
|PDB= 2hxx |SIZE=350|CAPTION= <scene name='initialview01'>2hxx</scene>, resolution 2.00&Aring;
<StructureSection load='2hxx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2hxx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
|SITE=  
== Structural highlights ==
|LIGAND= <scene name='pdbligand=4IN:4-AMINO-L-TRYPTOPHAN'>4IN</scene>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2hxx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_amyloliquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2HXX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2HXX FirstGlance]. <br>
|ACTIVITY=  
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
|GENE=  
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=4IN:4-AMINO-L-TRYPTOPHAN'>4IN</scene></td></tr>
|DOMAIN=
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2hxx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2hxx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2hxx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2hxx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2hxx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2hxx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
|RELATEDENTRY=
</table>
|RESOURCES=<span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2hxx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2hxx OCA], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2hxx PDBsum], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2hxx RCSB]</span>
== Function ==
}}
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BARS_BACAM BARS_BACAM] Inhibitor of the ribonuclease barnase. Forms a one-to-one non-covalent complex.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hx/2hxx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2hxx ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The indole ring of the canonical amino acid tryptophan (Trp) possesses distinguished features, such as sterical bulk, hydrophobicity and the nitrogen atom which is capable of acting as a hydrogen bond donor. The introduction of an amino group into the indole moiety of Trp yields the structural analogs 4-aminotryptophan ((4-NH(2))Trp) and 5-aminotryptophan ((5-NH(2))Trp). Their hydrophobicity and spectral properties are substantially different when compared to those of Trp. They resemble the purine bases of DNA and share their capacity for pH-sensitive intramolecular charge transfer. The Trp --&gt; aminotryptophan substitution in proteins during ribosomal translation is expected to result in related protein variants that acquire these features. These expectations have been fulfilled by incorporating (4-NH(2))Trp and (5-NH(2))Trp into barstar, an intracellular inhibitor of the ribonuclease barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The crystal structure of (4-NH(2))Trp-barstar is similar to that of the parent protein, whereas its spectral and thermodynamic behavior is found to be remarkably different. The T(m) value of (4-NH(2))Trp- and (5-NH(2))Trp-barstar is lowered by about 20 degrees Celsius, and they exhibit a strongly reduced unfolding cooperativity and substantial loss of free energy in folding. Furthermore, folding kinetic study of (4-NH(2))Trp-barstar revealed that the denatured state is even preferred over native one. The combination of structural and thermodynamic analyses clearly shows how structures of substituted barstar display a typical structure-function tradeoff: the acquirement of unique pH-sensitive charge transfer as a novel function is achieved at the expense of protein stability. These findings provide a new insight into the evolution of the amino acid repertoire of the universal genetic code and highlight possible problems regarding protein engineering and design by using an expanded genetic code.


'''Aminotryptophan Barstar'''
Aminotryptophan-containing barstar: structure--function tradeoff in protein design and engineering with an expanded genetic code.,Rubini M, Lepthien S, Golbik R, Budisa N Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jul;1764(7):1147-58. Epub 2006 May 10. PMID:16782415<ref>PMID:16782415</ref>


From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2hxx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Overview==
==See Also==
The indole ring of the canonical amino acid tryptophan (Trp) possesses distinguished features, such as sterical bulk, hydrophobicity and the nitrogen atom which is capable of acting as a hydrogen bond donor. The introduction of an amino group into the indole moiety of Trp yields the structural analogs 4-aminotryptophan ((4-NH(2))Trp) and 5-aminotryptophan ((5-NH(2))Trp). Their hydrophobicity and spectral properties are substantially different when compared to those of Trp. They resemble the purine bases of DNA and share their capacity for pH-sensitive intramolecular charge transfer. The Trp --&gt; aminotryptophan substitution in proteins during ribosomal translation is expected to result in related protein variants that acquire these features. These expectations have been fulfilled by incorporating (4-NH(2))Trp and (5-NH(2))Trp into barstar, an intracellular inhibitor of the ribonuclease barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The crystal structure of (4-NH(2))Trp-barstar is similar to that of the parent protein, whereas its spectral and thermodynamic behavior is found to be remarkably different. The T(m) value of (4-NH(2))Trp- and (5-NH(2))Trp-barstar is lowered by about 20 degrees Celsius, and they exhibit a strongly reduced unfolding cooperativity and substantial loss of free energy in folding. Furthermore, folding kinetic study of (4-NH(2))Trp-barstar revealed that the denatured state is even preferred over native one. The combination of structural and thermodynamic analyses clearly shows how structures of substituted barstar display a typical structure-function tradeoff: the acquirement of unique pH-sensitive charge transfer as a novel function is achieved at the expense of protein stability. These findings provide a new insight into the evolution of the amino acid repertoire of the universal genetic code and highlight possible problems regarding protein engineering and design by using an expanded genetic code.
*[[Barstar 3D structures|Barstar 3D structures]]
 
== References ==
==About this Structure==
<references/>
2HXX is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_amyloliquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2HXX OCA].
__TOC__
 
</StructureSection>
==Reference==
Aminotryptophan-containing barstar: structure--function tradeoff in protein design and engineering with an expanded genetic code., Rubini M, Lepthien S, Golbik R, Budisa N, Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jul;1764(7):1147-58. Epub 2006 May 10. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16782415 16782415]
[[Category: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens]]
[[Category: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Budisa, N.]]
[[Category: Budisa N]]
[[Category: Golbik, R.]]
[[Category: Golbik R]]
[[Category: Lepthien, S.]]
[[Category: Lepthien S]]
[[Category: Rubini, M.]]
[[Category: Rubini M]]
[[Category: aminotryptophan]]
[[Category: barstar]]
[[Category: genetic code]]
[[Category: protein folding]]
[[Category: stability]]
 
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