Bacteriorhodopsin

spinqualitylabelsall models Bacteriorhodopsin complex with retinal, 3han Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Function Bacteriorhodopsin (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane. See also Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew). Halorhodopsin uses light energy to pump chloride through biological membranes in Haloarchaea. Sensory rhodopsin uses light energy to pump calcium ions through biological membranes. They are ubiquitous and use retinal as their chromophore. Xanthorhodopsin is a light-driven proton pump which uses the carotenoid salinixanthin as a second chromophore. Archaerhodopsin responds to yellow or green light by pumping protons out of cells and are used as optogenetic tools. Proteorhodopsins are the most abundant retinal-based photoreceptors. It is found in many marine bacteria. Deltarhodopsin is a light-driven proton pump found in the archaebacteria Halloterrigena turkmenica. Xenorhodopsin is an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins. See also Rhodopsin Structural highlights Br is composed of 6 α-helical elements each containing a retinal molecule. The retinal changes its ground state conformation upon binding of a proton, causing the Br to change conformation to the activated state and pump the proton. The retinal interacts predominantly with hydrophobic and aromatic residues (Hydrophobic, Polar). 3D Structures of bacteriorhodopsin Bacteriorhodopsin 3D structures

See Also

• Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)
• Rhodopsin

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