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| == Function == | | == Function == |
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| [[Chitinase]]s cleave the beta-1-4-glycosidic bond between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units of which chitin is comprised. Chitinases are present in plants, bacteria and fungi. The first chitinase structures were solved in 1994, from a bacterium ([[1ctn]]) and a plant ([[2hvm]]). A mechanism for chitin cleavage was proposed based on several structures and was later confirmed. <ref>PMID:21054166</ref> | | [[Chitinase]]s (Chi) cleave the beta-1-4-glycosidic bond between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units of which chitin is comprised. Chitinases are present in plants, bacteria and fungi. The first chitinase structures were solved in 1994, from a bacterium ([[1ctn]]) and a plant ([[2hvm]]). A mechanism for chitin cleavage was proposed based on several structures and was later confirmed. <ref>PMID:21054166</ref>. <br /> |
| | * '''Chitinase I''' is found in plants.<br /> |
| | * '''Chitinase II''' is found in plants, fungi and bacteria.<br /> |
| | * '''Chitinase III''' has no sequence similarity to class I or II.<br /> |
| | * '''Chitinase IV''' has similar characteristics to class I but are smaller than it.<br /> |
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| ==Disease == | | ==Disease == |
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| Chi is related to allergies and asthma. | | Chi is related to allergies and asthma<ref>PMID:19295241</ref>. |
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| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
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| The <scene name='27/271631/Cv/5'>chitin tetrasaccharide binding site</scene> of Chitinase A.<ref>PMID:24582745</ref> | | The <scene name='27/271631/Cv/5'>chitin tetrasaccharide binding site</scene> of Chitinase A. <ref>PMID:24582745</ref> Water molecules are shown as red spheres. |
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| == 3D Structures of Chitinase == | | == 3D Structures of Chitinase == |
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| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| == 3D Structures of Chitinase ==
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| *Chitinase I or chitotriosidase I
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| **[[5hbf]] – hChi - human<br />
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| **[[4wjx]], [[4wka]] – hChi catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[3aro]], [[3b8s]] – VhChi residues 22-597 – ''Vibrio harveyi''<br />
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| **[[3b9e]] - VhChi residues 22-597 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[1k85]] – BcChi fibronectin domain – ''Bacillus circulans'' – NMR<br />
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| **[[1itx]] - BcChi catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[1ed7]] – BcChi chitin-binding domain - NMR<br />
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| **[[1ll6]], [[1ll7]] - CiChi residues 36-427 (mutant) – ''Coccicioides immitis'' <br />
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| **[[1d2k]] - CiChi residues 36-427<br />
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| **[[3n11]] – BcChi – ''Bacillus cereus''<br />
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| **[[3iwr]], [[2dkv]] – Chi residues 33-340 – Japanese rice<br />
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| **[[3g6l]] - BoChi residues 21-426 – ''Bionectria ochroleuca''<br />
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| **[[3oa5]], [[4dws]], [[4a5q]] – Chi – ''Yersinia entomophaga''<br />
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| **[[4mpi]] – HbChi chitin-binding domain – ''Hevea brasiliensis''<br />
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| **[[4mst]] – HbChi catalytic domain <br />
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| **[[4tx7]] – Chi – yard-long bean<br />
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| *''Chitinase I binary complex''
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| **[[3arp]], [[3arq]], [[3arr]], [[3ars]], [[3art]], [[3aru]], [[3arv]], [[3arw]], [[3arx]], [[3ary]], [[3arz]] – VhChi residues 22-597 + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3as0]], [[3as1]], [[3as2]], [[3as3]] – VhChi residues 22-597 (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3b9a]], [[3b9d]] - VhChi residues 22-597 + polysaccharide<br />
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| **[[2xvn]], [[2xuc]] – AfChi residues 29-307 + inhibitor – ''Aspergillus fumigatus''<br />
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| **[[3n13]], [[3n15]], [[3n17]], [[3n18]] – BcChi (mutant) + NAG<br />
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| **[[3n12]] – BcChi + Zn<br />
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| **[[3n1a]] - BcChi (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3g6m]] - BoChi residues 21-426 + caffeine<br />
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| **[[1waw]], [[1wb0]], [[4wk9]], [[4wkf]], [[4wkh]] – hChi catalytic domain + polypeptide – human<br />
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| **[[1hkk]], [[1hkm]], [[3rm4]], [[3rm8]], [[3rm9]], [[3rme]], [[5nrf]], [[5nra]], [[5nr8] – hChi catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1ll4]] - CiChi residues 36-427 + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3wl1]], [[3wqv]], [[3wqw]] – cbChi + GlcNAC<br />
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| **[[3wl0]] – cbChi (mutant) + GlcNAC<br />
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| *Chitinase II
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| **[[1e15]], [[3wd0]] - SmChi<br />
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| **[[1ogb]], [[1goi]], [[1e6p]] - SmChi (mutant)<br />
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| **[[1kfw]] – Chi catalytic domain – Arthrobacter<br />
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| **[[1dxj]] – Chi – Jack bean<br />
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| **[[5y29]] – OfChi catalytic domain 1 residues 1606-1992 – ''Ostrinia furnacalis''<br />
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| **[[5y2a]] – OfChi catalytic domain 2 residues 2056-2438<br />
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| *''Chitinase II binary complex''
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| **[[1ogg]], [[1ur9]] - SmChi (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1e6n]] - SmChi (mutant) + polysaccharide<br />
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| **[[1ur8]], [[1gpf]], [[1e6r]], [[3wd1]], [[3wd2]], [[3wd3]], [[3wd4]] - SmChi + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1e6z]] – SmChi + intermediate<br />
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| **[[2a3a]], [[2a3b]], [[2a3c]], [[2a3e]] – AfChi + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1w1p]], [[1w1t]], [[1w1v]], [[1w1y]], [[1o6i]], [[1h0g]], [[1h0i]] – SmChi + polypeptide<br />
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| **[[5y2b]] – OfChi catalytic domain 1 + acetylchitooctaose<br />
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| **[[5y2c]] – OfChi catalytic domain 2 (mutant) + acetylchitooctaose<br />
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| *Chitinase III
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| **[[2dbt]], [[1wvu]] – SgChi residues 30-294 – ''Streptomyces griseus''<br />
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| **[[1wvv]] - SgChi residues 30-294 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[2d49]] – SgChi chitin-binding domain - NMR<br />
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| **[[2xvp]] – AfChi<br />
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| **[[2xtk]], [[4tx6]] – AfChi + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[4toq]] – Chi - pomegrenate<br />
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| **[[5wup]] – OfChi residues 1-482<br />
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| **[[5wv8]] – OfChi residues 1-482 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[5wv9]] – OfChi residues 1-482 + GlcNAc<br />
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| **[[5wvb]] – OfChi residues 1-482 (mutant) + GlcNAc<br />
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| **[[5wus]] – OfChi residues 528-987<br />
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| **[[5wvf]] – OfChi residues 528-987 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[5wvh]] – OfChi residues 528-987 + GlcNAc<br />
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| **[[5wvg]] – OfChi residues 528-987 (mutant) + GlcNAc<br />
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| *Chitinase IV
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| **[[3hbd]], [[3hbe]], [[3hbh]] - Chi catalytic domain – Norway spruce<br />
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| **[[4mck]] – Chi - maize<br />
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| **[[5h7t]] – Chi chitinase domain – Japanese cedar<br />
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| *Chitinase V
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| **[[3alf]] – tChi residues 26-377 – tobacco<br />
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| *''Chitinase V binary complex''
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| **[[3alg]] - tChi residues 26-377 (mutant) + NAG<br />
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| **[[3chc]], [[3chd]], [[3che]], [[3chf]] - AfChi + polypeptide<br />
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| **[[3ch9]], [[2iuz]] – AfChi + inhibitor<br />
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| *Chitinase VIII
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| **[[2cjl]] - Chi residues 41-244 – ''Streptomyces coelicolor''<br />
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| *Chitinase XVIII
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| **[[3sim]] – Chi – ''Crocus vernus''
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| *Chitinase A
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| **[[3wh1]], [[3wij]] – BcChiA + GlcNAC – ''Bryum coronatum''<br />
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| **[[4ij4]] – BcChiA (mutant) + GlcNAC <br />
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| **[[4mnj]], [[4r5e]] – spChiA – sago palm<br />
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| **[[4mnk]] – spChiA + GlcNAC<br />
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| **[[4mnl]], [[4mnm]] – spChiA (mutant) + GlcNAC<br />
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| **[[5dez]] – ApChiA + NAG – ''Autographa polyhedrosis''<br />
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| **[[5df0]] – ApChiA + NAG + chitotriothiazoline<br />
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| **[[5bum]] – ChiA LYSM domain – field horsetail<br />
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| **[[1edq]], [[1ctn]], [[5zl9]], [[5z7o]], [[5z7n]], [[5z7m]] - SmChiA – ''Serratia marcescens''<br />
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| **[[1x6l]], [[1rd6]] – SmChiA (mutant)<br />
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| **[[1x6n]] - SmChi (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1ffq]], [[2wk2]], [[2wly]], [[2wlz]], [[2wm0]] - SmChi + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1nh6]], [[1k9t]], [[1ffr]], [[1eib]], [[1ehn]] - SmChi (mutant) + polysaccharide<br />
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| **[[4pxv]], [[5ylg]] – PrChiA LYSM domain – ''Pteris ryukuensis''<br />
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| **[[4rl3]] – PrChiA catalytic domain <br />
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| *Chitinase B
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| **[[4z2g]], [[4z2h]], [[4z2i]], [[4z2j]], [[4z2k]], [[4z2l]] – SmChiB + inhibitor<br />
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| *Chitinase C
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| **[[4dyg]] – RyChiC + NAG – Rye<br />
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| **[[4dwx]] - RyChiC<br />
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| **[[4j0l]] – RyChiC + GlcNAC<br />
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| **[[4axn]] – SmChiC<br />
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| * Chitinase H
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| **[[3w4r]], [[5gpr]] – cbChiH – corn borer<br />
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| **[[3wkz]] – cbChiH (mutant)<br />
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| **[[5gqb]] – cbChiH + chitohepatose<br />
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| *Other chitinases
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| **[[1wno]], [[1w9p]] - AfChi<br />
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| **[[2dsk]] - PfChi catalytic domain – ''Pyrococcus furiosus''<br />
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| **[[3afb]] - PfChi catalytic domain (mutant)<br />
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| **[[1cns]] – Chi – ''Hordeum vulgare''<br />
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| **[[2czn]], [[2rts]] - PfChi chitin-binding domain – NMR<br />
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| **[[2cwr]] - PfChi chitin-binding domain<br />
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| **[[3ian]] – Chi (mutant) – ''Lactococcus lactis''<br />
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| **[[3fxy]] - hChi catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[1lq0]] - hChi residues 22-286<br />
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| **[[1guv]] - hChi residues 22-387<br />
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| **[[3fnd]], [[3co4]] – Chi – ''Bacteroides thetaiotamicron''<br />
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| **[[3cql]] – Chi – ''Carica papaya''<br />
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| **[[2z37]] - BjChi catalytic domain – ''Brassica juncea''<br />
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| **[[2z39]] – BjChi catalytic domain (mutant)<br />
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| **[[2uy2]] – yChi residues 22-315 – yeast<br />
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| **[[4hmc]] – MmChi 60 – ''Moritella marina''<br />
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| **[[4mb3]] – MmChi 60 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[3w3e]] – Chi – cowpea<br />
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| **[[3w6b]] – RaChi catalytic domain – ''Ralstonia''<br />
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| **[[3w6e]] – RaChi catalytic domain (mutant) <br />
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| **[[4w5z]] – Chi 60 catalytic domain – ''Vibrio marinus''<br />
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| **[[5kz6]] – Chi – ''Bacillus anthracis''<br />
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| **[[5gzt]], [[5gzv]], [[5gzu]] – ChiW – ''Paeniacillus'' <br />
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| **[[5dhd]] – TkChi CHBD2 domain – ''Thermococcus kodakarensis''<br />
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| **[[5dhe]] – TkChi CHBD3 domain <br />
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| **[[5aa7]] – Chi polusaccharide monooxygenase domain – ''Jonesia dentrificans''<br />
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| **[[4w5u]] – Chi 40 – ''Streptomyces thermoviolaceus''<br />
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| **[[4txg]] – Chi – ''Chromobacterium violaceum''<br />
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| **[[5vg0]] – JdChi – ''Jonesia denitrificans''<br />
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| **[[5vg1]] – JdChi – Neutron<br />
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| **[[5k2l]] – Chi LYSM domain – ''Volvox carteri''<br />
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| **[[6idn]] – Chi – ''Ipomoea carnea''<br />
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| **[[6g9c]], [[6g9e]] – Chi – pig whipworm<br />
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| **[[6bt9]] – Chi – ''Bacillus thuringesis''<br />
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| **[[5yuq]], [[5xwq]], [[5xwf]] – Chi – ''Rhizomucor miehei''<br />
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| *''Other chitinases binary complex''
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| **[[3a4w]], [[3a4x]] – PfChi catalytic domain (mutant) + NAG<br />
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| **[[1lg1]] - hChi residues 22-387 + chitobiose<br />
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| **[[1lg2]] - hChi residues 22-387 + ethylene glycol<br />
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| **[[3fy1]], [[2ybt]], [[2ybu]] - hChi catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1hki]], [[1hkj]] - hChi + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[2z38]] - BjChi catalytic domain + Cl<br />
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| **[[2uy3]], [[2uy4]], [[2uy5]] - yChi residues 22-315 + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1w9v]], [[1w9u]] - AfChi + polypeptide<br />
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| **[[4hmd]] – MmChi 60 + intermediate<br />
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| **[[4hme]] – MmChi 60 + NAG<br />
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| **[[4mb4]], [[4mb5]] – MmChi 60 (mutant) + NAG<br />
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| **[[3w6c]] – RaChi catalytic domain + disaccharide<br />
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| **[[3w6d]], [[3w6f]] – RaChi catalytic domain (mutant) + polysaccharide<br />
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| **[[5xsv]] - TcChi residues 321-805 – ''Thermococcus chitonophagus''<br />
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| **[[5xsx]], [[5xsw]] - TcChi residues 321-805 + substrate <br />
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| }}
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| [[Category:Topic Page]] | | [[Category:Topic Page]] |
