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<StructureSection load='6u2h' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6u2h]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='6u2h' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6u2h]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6u2h]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6U2H OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6U2H FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6u2h]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6U2H OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6U2H FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=29L:2-{4-[(1E)-1-(HYDROXYIMINO)-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDEN-5-YL]-3-(PYRIDIN-4-YL)-1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL}ETHANOL'>29L</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.5&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=29L:2-{4-[(1E)-1-(HYDROXYIMINO)-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDEN-5-YL]-3-(PYRIDIN-4-YL)-1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL}ETHANOL'>29L</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[6u2g|6u2g]]</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6u2h FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6u2h OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6u2h PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6u2h RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6u2h PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6u2h ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_serine/threonine_protein_kinase Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.1 2.7.11.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6u2h FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6u2h OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6u2h PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6u2h RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6u2h PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6u2h ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BRAF_HUMAN BRAF_HUMAN]] Note=Defects in BRAF are found in a wide range of cancers.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref>  Defects in BRAF may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]].<ref>PMID:18974108</ref>  Defects in BRAF are involved in lung cancer (LNCR) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/211980 211980]]. LNCR is a common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref> <ref>PMID:12460919</ref>  Defects in BRAF are involved in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/605027 605027]]. NHL is a cancer that starts in cells of the lymph system, which is part of the body's immune system. NHLs can occur at any age and are often marked by enlarged lymph nodes, fever and weight loss.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref> <ref>PMID:14612909</ref>  Defects in BRAF are a cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/115150 115150]]; also known as cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. CFC syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome. They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with prominent helices. The inheritance of CFC syndrome is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref>  Defects in BRAF are the cause of Noonan syndrome type 7 (NS7) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613706 613706]]. Noonan syndrome is a disorder characterized by facial dysmorphic features such as hypertelorism, a downward eyeslant and low-set posteriorly rotated ears. Other features can include short stature, a short neck with webbing or redundancy of skin, cardiac anomalies, deafness, motor delay and variable intellectual deficits.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref> <ref>PMID:19206169</ref>  Defects in BRAF are the cause of LEOPARD syndrome type 3 (LEOPARD3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613707 613707]]. LEOPARD3 is a disorder characterized by lentigines, electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormalities of genitalia, retardation of growth, and sensorineural deafness.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref> <ref>PMID:19206169</ref>  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving BRAF is found in pilocytic astrocytomas. A tandem duplication of 2 Mb at 7q34 leads to the expression of a KIAA1549-BRAF fusion protein with a constitutive kinase activity and inducing cell transformation.<ref>PMID:18974108</ref> 
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/1433Z_HUMAN 1433Z_HUMAN]] Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner.<ref>PMID:9360956</ref> <ref>PMID:14578935</ref> <ref>PMID:15071501</ref> <ref>PMID:15644438</ref> <ref>PMID:16376338</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BRAF_HUMAN BRAF_HUMAN]] Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May play a role in the postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neuron.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/1433Z_HUMAN 1433Z_HUMAN] Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner.<ref>PMID:9360956</ref> <ref>PMID:14578935</ref> <ref>PMID:15071501</ref> <ref>PMID:15644438</ref> <ref>PMID:16376338</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling axis is frequently activated in human cancers. Physiological concentrations of ATP prevent formation of RAF kinase-domain (RAF(KD)) dimers that are critical for activity. Here we present a 2.9-A-resolution crystal structure of human BRAF(KD) in complex with MEK and the ATP analog AMP-PCP, revealing interactions between BRAF and ATP that induce an inactive, monomeric conformation of BRAF(KD). We also determine how 14-3-3 relieves the negative regulatory effect of ATP through a 2.5-A-resolution crystal structure of the BRAF(KD)-14-3-3 complex, in which dimeric 14-3-3 enforces a dimeric BRAF(KD) assembly to increase BRAF activity. Our data suggest that most oncogenic BRAF mutations alter interactions with ATP and counteract the negative effects of ATP binding by lowering the threshold for RAF dimerization and pathway activation. Our study establishes a framework for rationalizing oncogenic BRAF mutations and provides new avenues for improved RAF-inhibitor discovery.
 
Negative regulation of RAF kinase activity by ATP is overcome by 14-3-3-induced dimerization.,Liau NPD, Wendorff TJ, Quinn JG, Steffek M, Phung W, Liu P, Tang J, Irudayanathan FJ, Izadi S, Shaw AS, Malek S, Hymowitz SG, Sudhamsu J Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2020 Jan 27. pii: 10.1038/s41594-019-0365-0. doi:, 10.1038/s41594-019-0365-0. PMID:31988522<ref>PMID:31988522</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6u2h" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 
==See Also==
*[[Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures|Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures]]
*[[14-3-3 protein 3D structures|14-3-3 protein 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase]]
[[Category: Hymowitz SG]]
[[Category: Hymowitz, S G]]
[[Category: Liau NPD]]
[[Category: Liau, N P.D]]
[[Category: Sudhamsu J]]
[[Category: Sudhamsu, J]]
[[Category: 14-3-3]]
[[Category: Braf]]
[[Category: Complex]]
[[Category: Kinase]]
[[Category: Signaling protein]]
[[Category: Signaling protein-transferase complex]]

Latest revision as of 07:42, 11 October 2023

BRAF dimer bound to 14-3-3

6u2h, resolution 2.50Å

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