Histone: Difference between revisions

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==Histone core protein structure==

Histones are highly <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Conservation/1'>conserved proteins</scene> (more purple = more conserved) with <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Charge_distribution/1'>positive charge</scene> (blue is positive charge, red is negative charge). Because of this positive charge, they interact electrostatically with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA.

'''Histones''' are highly <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Conservation/1'>conserved proteins</scene> (more purple = more conserved) with <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Charge_distribution/1'>positive charge</scene> (blue is positive charge, red is negative charge). Because of this positive charge, they interact electrostatically with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA.

There are five major classes of histones: H1/H5, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.<ref>PMID: 16472024</ref><ref name="Voet, Voet, and Pratt">{{Cite book|surname1= Voet|given1= Donald |surname2= Voet|given2= Judith|surname3= Pratt|given3= Leon A.| year=1988|title=Basic Genetics|publication-place=Boston|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers|isbn=0-86720-090-1}}</ref> Histones <scene name='46/468228/2a/3'>H2A</scene>, <scene name='46/468228/2b/4'>H2B</scene>, <scene name='46/468228/3/3'>H3</scene>, and <scene name='46/468228/H4/1'>H4</scene> are known as the core histones, while histones H1 and H5 are known as the linker histones.

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The nucleosome core is formed of two <scene name='46/468228/H2a_h2b_dimer/1'>H2A-H2B dimers</scene> and a <scene name='46/468228/H4_h3_tetramer/1'>H3-H4 tetramer</scene>, forming two nearly <scene name='46/468228/Nucleosome_dimer/1'>symmetrical halves</scene> by tertiary structure.<ref name=pmid9305837/> 147 base pairs of <scene name='46/468228/Dna_wrap_around_histone/1'>DNA wrap</scene> around this core particle 1.65 times in a left-handed super-helical turn.<ref name=pmid9305837>PMID: 9305837</ref> The linker histone H1 binds the nucleosome and the entry and exit sites of the DNA, thus locking the DNA into place<ref name="isbn0-915274-84-1">{{cite book |author=Farkas, Daniel |title=DNA simplified: the hitchhiker's guide to DNA |publisher=AACC Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=1996 |isbn=0-915274-84-1 }}</ref> and allowing the formation of higher order structure.

The '''nucleosome''' core is formed of two <scene name='46/468228/H2a_h2b_dimer/1'>H2A-H2B dimers</scene> and a <scene name='46/468228/H4_h3_tetramer/1'>H3-H4 tetramer</scene>, forming two nearly <scene name='46/468228/Nucleosome_dimer/1'>symmetrical halves</scene> by tertiary structure.<ref name=pmid9305837/> 147 base pairs of <scene name='46/468228/Dna_wrap_around_histone/1'>DNA wrap</scene> around this core particle 1.65 times in a left-handed super-helical turn.<ref name=pmid9305837>PMID: 9305837</ref> The linker histone H1 binds the nucleosome and the entry and exit sites of the DNA, thus locking the DNA into place<ref name="isbn0-915274-84-1">{{cite book |author=Farkas, Daniel |title=DNA simplified: the hitchhiker's guide to DNA |publisher=AACC Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=1996 |isbn=0-915274-84-1 }}</ref> and allowing the formation of higher order structure.

The '''chromatosome''' contains histone H1 binding to nucleosome. It contains 166 DNA base pairs.

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 <StructureSection load='2hue' size='340' side='right' caption='Yeast H3 (green), H4 (pink) and anti-silencing protein (grey) complex with sulfate, glycerol and Zn+2 ion (grey), [[2hue]]' scene=''>
 ==Histone core protein structure==
-Histones are highly <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Conservation/1'>conserved proteins</scene> (more purple = more conserved) with <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Charge_distribution/1'>positive charge</scene> (blue is positive charge, red is negative charge).  Because of this positive charge, they interact electrostatically with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA.
+'''Histones''' are highly <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Conservation/1'>conserved proteins</scene> (more purple = more conserved) with <scene name='Taylor_histone_sandbox/Charge_distribution/1'>positive charge</scene> (blue is positive charge, red is negative charge).  Because of this positive charge, they interact electrostatically with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA.
 There are five major classes of histones: H1/H5, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.<ref>PMID: 16472024</ref><ref name="Voet, Voet, and Pratt">{{Cite book|surname1= Voet|given1= Donald |surname2= Voet|given2= Judith|surname3= Pratt|given3= Leon A.|  year=1988|title=Basic Genetics|publication-place=Boston|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers|isbn=0-86720-090-1}}</ref> Histones <scene name='46/468228/2a/3'>H2A</scene>, <scene name='46/468228/2b/4'>H2B</scene>, <scene name='46/468228/3/3'>H3</scene>, and <scene name='46/468228/H4/1'>H4</scene> are known as the core histones, while histones H1 and H5 are known as the linker histones.
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-The nucleosome core is formed of two <scene name='46/468228/H2a_h2b_dimer/1'>H2A-H2B dimers</scene> and a <scene name='46/468228/H4_h3_tetramer/1'>H3-H4 tetramer</scene>, forming two nearly <scene name='46/468228/Nucleosome_dimer/1'>symmetrical halves</scene> by tertiary structure.<ref name=pmid9305837/>  147 base pairs of <scene name='46/468228/Dna_wrap_around_histone/1'>DNA wrap</scene> around this core particle 1.65 times in a left-handed super-helical turn.<ref name=pmid9305837>PMID: 9305837</ref>  The linker histone H1 binds the nucleosome and the entry and exit sites of the DNA, thus locking the DNA into place<ref name="isbn0-915274-84-1">{{cite book |author=Farkas, Daniel |title=DNA simplified: the hitchhiker's guide to DNA |publisher=AACC Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=1996 |isbn=0-915274-84-1 }}</ref> and allowing the formation of higher order structure.
+The '''nucleosome''' core is formed of two <scene name='46/468228/H2a_h2b_dimer/1'>H2A-H2B dimers</scene> and a <scene name='46/468228/H4_h3_tetramer/1'>H3-H4 tetramer</scene>, forming two nearly <scene name='46/468228/Nucleosome_dimer/1'>symmetrical halves</scene> by tertiary structure.<ref name=pmid9305837/>  147 base pairs of <scene name='46/468228/Dna_wrap_around_histone/1'>DNA wrap</scene> around this core particle 1.65 times in a left-handed super-helical turn.<ref name=pmid9305837>PMID: 9305837</ref>  The linker histone H1 binds the nucleosome and the entry and exit sites of the DNA, thus locking the DNA into place<ref name="isbn0-915274-84-1">{{cite book |author=Farkas, Daniel |title=DNA simplified: the hitchhiker's guide to DNA |publisher=AACC Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=1996 |isbn=0-915274-84-1 }}</ref> and allowing the formation of higher order structure.
+The '''chromatosome''' contains histone H1 binding to nucleosome.  It contains 166 DNA base pairs.