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[[Image:1e22.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_1e22|  PDB=1e22  |  SCENE=  }}
'''LYSYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE (LYSU) HEXAGONAL FORM COMPLEXED WITH LYSINE AND THE NON-HYDROLYSABLE ATP ANALOGUE AMP-PCP'''


==LYSYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE (LYSU) HEXAGONAL FORM complexed with lysine and the non-hydrolysable atp analogue amp-pcp==
<StructureSection load='1e22' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1e22]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.43&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1e22]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli_K-12 Escherichia coli K-12]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1E22 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1E22 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.43&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACP:PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC+ACID+ADENYLATE+ESTER'>ACP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=LYS:LYSINE'>LYS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1e22 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1e22 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1e22 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1e22 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1e22 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1e22 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYK2_ECOLI SYK2_ECOLI] Also can synthesize a number of adenyl dinucleotides (in particular AppppA). These dinucleotides have been proposed to act as modulators of the heat-shock response and stress response.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_00252]
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/e2/1e22_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1e22 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play a key role in protein biosynthesis by catalyzing the specific aminoacylation of tRNA. The energy required for the formation of the ester bond between the amino acid carboxylate group and the tRNA acceptor stem is supplied by coupling the reaction to the hydrolysis of ATP. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli belongs to the family of class II synthetases and carries out a two-step reaction, in which lysine is activated by being attached to the alpha-phosphate of AMP before being transferred to the cognate tRNA. Crystals of the thermo-inducible E. coli lysyl-tRNA synthetase LysU which diffract to 2.1 A resolution have been used to determine crystal structures of the enzyme in the presence of lysine, the lysyl-adenylate intermediate, and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue AMP-PCP. Additional data have been obtained from crystals soaked in a solution containing ATP and Mn(2+). The refined crystal structures give "snapshots" of the active site corresponding to key steps in the aminoacylation reaction and provide the structural framework for understanding the mechanism of lysine activation. The active site of LysU is shaped to position the substrates for the nucleophilic attack of the lysine carboxylate on the ATP alpha-phosphate. No residues are directly involved in catalysis, but a number of highly conserved amino acids and three metal ions coordinate the substrates and stabilize the pentavalent transition state. A loop close to the catalytic pocket, disordered in the lysine-bound structure, becomes ordered upon adenine binding.


==Overview==
Active site of lysyl-tRNA synthetase: structural studies of the adenylation reaction.,Desogus G, Todone F, Brick P, Onesti S Biochemistry. 2000 Jul 25;39(29):8418-25. PMID:10913247<ref>PMID:10913247</ref>
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play a key role in protein biosynthesis by catalyzing the specific aminoacylation of tRNA. The energy required for the formation of the ester bond between the amino acid carboxylate group and the tRNA acceptor stem is supplied by coupling the reaction to the hydrolysis of ATP. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli belongs to the family of class II synthetases and carries out a two-step reaction, in which lysine is activated by being attached to the alpha-phosphate of AMP before being transferred to the cognate tRNA. Crystals of the thermo-inducible E. coli lysyl-tRNA synthetase LysU which diffract to 2.1 A resolution have been used to determine crystal structures of the enzyme in the presence of lysine, the lysyl-adenylate intermediate, and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue AMP-PCP. Additional data have been obtained from crystals soaked in a solution containing ATP and Mn(2+). The refined crystal structures give "snapshots" of the active site corresponding to key steps in the aminoacylation reaction and provide the structural framework for understanding the mechanism of lysine activation. The active site of LysU is shaped to position the substrates for the nucleophilic attack of the lysine carboxylate on the ATP alpha-phosphate. No residues are directly involved in catalysis, but a number of highly conserved amino acids and three metal ions coordinate the substrates and stabilize the pentavalent transition state. A loop close to the catalytic pocket, disordered in the lysine-bound structure, becomes ordered upon adenine binding.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
1E22 is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1E22 OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1e22" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Active site of lysyl-tRNA synthetase: structural studies of the adenylation reaction., Desogus G, Todone F, Brick P, Onesti S, Biochemistry. 2000 Jul 25;39(29):8418-25. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10913247 10913247]
*[[Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures|Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures]]
[[Category: Escherichia coli]]
== References ==
[[Category: Lysine--tRNA ligase]]
<references/>
[[Category: Single protein]]
__TOC__
[[Category: Brick, P.]]
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Desogus, G.]]
[[Category: Escherichia coli K-12]]
[[Category: Onesti, S.]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Todone, F.]]
[[Category: Brick P]]
[[Category: Aminoacyl-trna synthetase]]
[[Category: Desogus G]]
[[Category: Ligase]]
[[Category: Onesti S]]
[[Category: Protein biosynthesis]]
[[Category: Todone F]]
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Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/1e22"