Sandbox GGC6: Difference between revisions
From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
ganglion mother cell fate determination,<ref>PMID: 10681461</ref> epidermis development, <ref>PMID: 9973328</ref> innervation, long term memory, <ref>PMID: 10869436</ref> chemical synaptic transmission modulation and nerve development, <ref>PMID: 21873635</ref> mechanoreceptor differentiation, negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process, and positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, <ref>PMID: 21873635</ref> nerve growth signaling pathway, <ref>PMID:11520933</ref> and sensory organ boundary specification (taste bud development). <ref>PMID: 10479455</ref> | ganglion mother cell fate determination,<ref>PMID: 10681461</ref> epidermis development, <ref>PMID: 9973328</ref> innervation, long term memory, <ref>PMID: 10869436</ref> chemical synaptic transmission modulation and nerve development, <ref>PMID: 21873635</ref> mechanoreceptor differentiation, negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process, and positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, <ref>PMID: 21873635</ref> nerve growth signaling pathway, <ref>PMID:11520933</ref> and sensory organ boundary specification (taste bud development). <ref>PMID: 10479455</ref> | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
NT-4, along with other growth factors including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) have all shown to be essential for survival of neurons. <ref>PMID: 10631974</ref> <ref>PMID: 16411893</ref> These growth factors have been associated with parts of the cerebrum including the frontal lobe and limbic system because of their involvement in neurological processes like behavior, learning, and memory. <ref>PMID: 16411893</ref> Availability and binding affinity are two factors that contribute to development of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, as well as neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. <ref>PMID: 16411893</ref> Both increased and decreased levels of NT-4 are associated with various disease states that effect mental development and decline. Serum concentration levels of NT-4 and BDNF were found to be higher in patients with autism and in patients with mental retardation <ref>Serum neurotrophin concentrations in autism and mental retardation: a pilot study | NT-4, along with other growth factors including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<scene name='78/781192/Bdnf/1'>BDNF</scene>), and nerve growth factor (NGF) have all shown to be essential for survival of neurons. <ref>PMID: 10631974</ref> <ref>PMID: 16411893</ref> These growth factors have been associated with parts of the cerebrum including the frontal lobe and limbic system because of their involvement in neurological processes like behavior, learning, and memory. <ref>PMID: 16411893</ref> Availability and binding affinity are two factors that contribute to development of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, as well as neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. <ref>PMID: 16411893</ref> Both increased and decreased levels of NT-4 are associated with various disease states that effect mental development and decline. Serum concentration levels of NT-4 and BDNF were found to be higher in patients with autism and in patients with mental retardation <ref>Serum neurotrophin concentrations in autism and mental retardation: a pilot study | ||
Miyazaki, Kaoru et al. | Miyazaki, Kaoru et al. | ||
Brain and Development, Volume 26, Issue 5, 292 - 295</ref> Defects or mutations in NT-4 has been associated with development of glaucoma. | Brain and Development, Volume 26, Issue 5, 292 - 295</ref> Defects or mutations in NT-4 has been associated with development of glaucoma. | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
Depletion and/or unavailable receptor binding sites are also being studied to further understand these mechanisms. | Depletion and/or unavailable receptor binding sites are also being studied to further understand these mechanisms. | ||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
NT-4 is a homodimer; Its structure includes 2 Neurotrophin-4 factors bound with a chloride ion. NT-4 is 130 amino acids in length. This chloride ion is a ligand that binds to nerve growth factor receptors. | NT-4 is a homodimer; Its <scene name='78/781192/Protein-ligand/1'>structure</scene> includes 2 Neurotrophin-4 factors bound with a chloride ion. NT-4 is 130 amino acids in length. This chloride ion is a ligand that binds to nerve growth factor receptors. | ||
<scene name='78/781192/N_to_c_rainbow/1'>N to C sequence</scene> | <scene name='78/781192/N_to_c_rainbow/1'>N to C sequence</scene> | ||
{{Template:ColorKey_N52C3Rainbow}} | {{Template:ColorKey_N52C3Rainbow}} | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
{{Template:ColorKey_TemperatureRelative}} | {{Template:ColorKey_TemperatureRelative}} | ||
[[Image:1b98 entity 1 front image-800x800.png]] | |||
