Farnesyl diphosphate synthase: Difference between revisions

'''Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase''' or '''Farnesyl diphosphate synthase''' (FPPS) is a chain elongation enzyme that catalyzes carbon-carbon formation in two consecutive condensation reactions that convert one equivalent of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and two equivalents of isopentyl diphosphates (IPP) into one equivalent of Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). <ref>PMID:11152452</ref>In the first step, IPP and its isomer DMAPP react to form a ten-carbon geranyl diphosphate (GPP), while in the second step, the product geranyl diphosphate from the first step and an additional IPP molecule react to make FPP (see diagram). It is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of mevalonate, isoprenoids, and sterols in a variety of organisms. FFPS has been studied in conjunction with different parasites.  Bisphosphonates have been shown to inhibit FPPS and are currently being used for osteoporosis and the treatment of various bone diseases. Inhibition of FPPS in parasites such Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), Trypanosoma brucei (Tb), Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major (Lm) displays antiparasitic activity which is being evaluated as putative therapeutics. <ref> PMID: 24598749</ref> <ref> PMID: 30926449</ref> <ref> PMID: 16835450</ref> <ref> PMID: 12089677</ref> <ref> PMID: 31296439 </ref> <ref>DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.07.020</ref> <ref>DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M103950200</ref> <ref> DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.3.929-931.2002</ref> <ref> DOI:10.1021/jm040132t</ref> <ref>DOI: 10.1021/jm0002578</ref> <ref>DOI:10.1021/jm0102809 </ref> <ref> DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01873-15</ref>  

[[Image:FPPSynthesisDiagram.png|700x750px]]