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[[Image:1fd4.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_1fd4|  PDB=1fd4  |  SCENE=  }}
'''HUMAN BETA-DEFENSIN 2'''


==HUMAN BETA-DEFENSIN 2==
<StructureSection load='1fd4' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1fd4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1fd4]] is a 16 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1FD4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1FD4 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.7&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1fd4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1fd4 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1fd4 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1fd4 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1fd4 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1fd4 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DFB4A_HUMAN DFB4A_HUMAN]
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Defensins are small cationic peptides that are crucial components of innate immunity, serving as both antimicrobial agents and chemoattractant molecules. The specific mechanism of antimicrobial activity involves permeabilization of bacterial membranes. It has been postulated that individual monomers oligomerize to form a pore through anionic membranes, although the evidence is only indirect. Here, we report two high resolution x-ray structures of human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2). The phases were experimentally determined by the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction method, utilizing a novel, rapid method of derivatization with halide ions. Although the shape and charge distribution of the monomer are similar to those of other defensins, an additional alpha-helical region makes this protein topologically distinct from the mammalian alpha- and beta-defensin structures reported previously. hBD2 forms dimers topologically distinct from that of human neutrophil peptide-3. The quaternary octameric arrangement of hBD2 is conserved in two crystal forms. These structures provide the first detailed description of dimerization of beta-defensins, and we postulate that the mode of dimerization of hBD2 is representative of other beta-defensins. The structural and electrostatic properties of the hBD2 octamer support an electrostatic charge-based mechanism of membrane permeabilization by beta-defensins, rather than a mechanism based on formation of bilayer-spanning pores.


==Overview==
The structure of human beta-defensin-2 shows evidence of higher order oligomerization.,Hoover DM, Rajashankar KR, Blumenthal R, Puri A, Oppenheim JJ, Chertov O, Lubkowski J J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32911-8. PMID:10906336<ref>PMID:10906336</ref>
Defensins are small cationic peptides that are crucial components of innate immunity, serving as both antimicrobial agents and chemoattractant molecules. The specific mechanism of antimicrobial activity involves permeabilization of bacterial membranes. It has been postulated that individual monomers oligomerize to form a pore through anionic membranes, although the evidence is only indirect. Here, we report two high resolution x-ray structures of human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2). The phases were experimentally determined by the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction method, utilizing a novel, rapid method of derivatization with halide ions. Although the shape and charge distribution of the monomer are similar to those of other defensins, an additional alpha-helical region makes this protein topologically distinct from the mammalian alpha- and beta-defensin structures reported previously. hBD2 forms dimers topologically distinct from that of human neutrophil peptide-3. The quaternary octameric arrangement of hBD2 is conserved in two crystal forms. These structures provide the first detailed description of dimerization of beta-defensins, and we postulate that the mode of dimerization of hBD2 is representative of other beta-defensins. The structural and electrostatic properties of the hBD2 octamer support an electrostatic charge-based mechanism of membrane permeabilization by beta-defensins, rather than a mechanism based on formation of bilayer-spanning pores.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
1FD4 is a [[Single protein]] structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1FD4 OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1fd4" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
The structure of human beta-defensin-2 shows evidence of higher order oligomerization., Hoover DM, Rajashankar KR, Blumenthal R, Puri A, Oppenheim JJ, Chertov O, Lubkowski J, J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32911-8. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10906336 10906336]
*[[Defensin 3D structures|Defensin 3D structures]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
== References ==
[[Category: Hoover, D M.]]
<references/>
[[Category: Lubkowski, J.]]
__TOC__
[[Category: Beta-defensin]]
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Defensin]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human beta-defensin 2]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Fri May  2 16:11:28 2008''
[[Category: Hoover DM]]
[[Category: Lubkowski J]]
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/1fd4"