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<StructureSection load='3kfx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3kfx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.96&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3kfx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3kfx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.96&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3kfx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3KFX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3KFX FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3kfx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3KFX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3KFX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MCY:5-METHYL-2-DEOXYCYTIDINE'>MCY</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.96&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">DCK ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MCY:5-METHYL-2-DEOXYCYTIDINE'>MCY</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxycytidine_kinase Deoxycytidine kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.1.74 2.7.1.74] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3kfx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3kfx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3kfx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3kfx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3kfx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3kfx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3kfx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3kfx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3kfx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3kfx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3kfx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3kfx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DCK_HUMAN DCK_HUMAN]] Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based on the chirality of the substrate. It is also an essential enzyme for the phosphorylation of numerous nucleoside analogs widely employed as antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents.<ref>PMID:18377927</ref> <ref>PMID:20614893</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DCK_HUMAN DCK_HUMAN] Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based on the chirality of the substrate. It is also an essential enzyme for the phosphorylation of numerous nucleoside analogs widely employed as antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents.<ref>PMID:18377927</ref> <ref>PMID:20614893</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3kfx ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3kfx ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The physiological role of human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is to phosphorylate deoxynucleosides required for DNA synthesis, with the exception of thymidine. Previous structural analysis of dCK implicated steric factors, specifically the thymine methyl group at the 5-position, that prevent thymidine phosphorylation by dCK. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that mutations that enlarge the active site cavity in proximity to the nucleoside 5-position endow dCK with the ability to phosphorylate thymidine. However, in conflict with this hypothesis was our discovery that the cytidine analogue 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5-Me-dC), an isostere of thymidine, can indeed be phosphorylated by wild-type (WT) dCK. To reconcile this seemingly contradicting observation, and to better understand the determinants preventing thymidine phosphorylation by WT dCK, we solved the crystal structure of dCK in complex with 5-Me-dC. The structure reveals the active site adjustments required to accommodate the methyl group at the 5-position. Combination of kinetic, mutagenesis, and structural data suggested that it is in fact residue Asp133 of dCK that is most responsible for discriminating against the thymine base. dCK variants in which Asp133 is replaced by an alanine and Arg104 by select hydrophobic residues attain significantly improved activity with 5-substituted deoxycytidine and thymidine analogues. Importantly, the ability of the designer enzymes to activate 5-substitued pyrimidines makes it possible to utilize such nucleoside analogues in suicide gene therapy or protein therapy applications that target cancer cells.
Structural and kinetic characterization of human deoxycytidine kinase variants able to phosphorylate 5-substituted deoxycytidine and thymidine analogues .,Hazra S, Ort S, Konrad M, Lavie A Biochemistry. 2010 Aug 10;49(31):6784-90. PMID:20614893<ref>PMID:20614893</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3kfx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
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__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Deoxycytidine kinase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hazra, S]]
[[Category: Hazra S]]
[[Category: Lavie, A]]
[[Category: Lavie A]]
[[Category: 5-me dc]]
[[Category: Atp-binding]]
[[Category: Human dck]]
[[Category: Kinase]]
[[Category: Nucleotide kinase]]
[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]
[[Category: Nucleus]]
[[Category: P-loop]]
[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
[[Category: Transferase]]
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/3kfx"