RNA: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:RNA chemistry.PNG| | [[Image:RNA chemistry.PNG|thumb|350px|Fragment of an RNA strand, with nucleobases U and A, the sugar ribose and the phosphate diester linkages labeled]] | ||
'''RNA''' ('''r'''ibo'''n'''ucleic '''a'''cid) is a biological macromolecule that stores and processes genetic information, catalyzes chemical reactions and regulates biological processes. Just like the other nucleic acid (DNA), it is a linear polymer (a "strand") of nucleotide building blocks. These building blocks themselves are made up of a sugar linked to a (nitrogenous) base and a phosphate. RNA utilizes a different set of bases than DNA, and it sugar (ribose) contains one additional hydroxyl group compared to that of DNA (deoxyribose). Different than DNA, which mostly occurs in pairs of complementary strands in its biological context, RNA mostly lacks a complementary strand, leading to a larger variety of 3D structures and biological functions. | '''RNA''' ('''r'''ibo'''n'''ucleic '''a'''cid) is a biological macromolecule that stores and processes genetic information, catalyzes chemical reactions and regulates biological processes. Just like the other nucleic acid (DNA), it is a linear polymer (a "strand") of nucleotide building blocks. These building blocks themselves are made up of a sugar linked to a (nitrogenous) base and a phosphate. RNA utilizes a different set of bases than DNA, and it sugar (ribose) contains one additional hydroxyl group compared to that of DNA (deoxyribose). Different than DNA, which mostly occurs in pairs of complementary strands in its biological context, RNA mostly lacks a complementary strand, leading to a larger variety of 3D structures and biological functions. | ||
<!-- '''ribonucleic acid''' or ''RNA''' is a molecule which is one of the carriers of genetic information in nearly all the living organisms. It contains the biological instructions for the development, survival and reproduction of organisms. | <!-- '''ribonucleic acid''' or ''RNA''' is a molecule which is one of the carriers of genetic information in nearly all the living organisms. It contains the biological instructions for the development, survival and reproduction of organisms. | ||
RNA is transcribed from [[DNA]]. !--> | RNA is transcribed from [[DNA]]. !--> | ||
==RNA structure and function== | ==RNA structure and function== | ||
<StructureSection load='' size='500' side='right' caption='' scene='49/491851/Riboswitch/2'> | <StructureSection load='' size='500' side='right' caption='' scene='49/491851/Riboswitch/2'> | ||
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===Chemistry=== | ===Chemistry=== | ||
#Base: flat, aromatic, hydrogen-bonding capability, base modifications, base pairing, [[base stacking]] | #Base: flat, aromatic, hydrogen-bonding capability, base modifications, base pairing, [[base stacking]] | ||
#Sugar phosphate backbone: torsion angles, sugar pucker, phosphate-phosphate distance | #Sugar phosphate backbone: torsion angles, [[Sugar ring pucker|sugar pucker]], phosphate-phosphate distance | ||
===Transcription and Translation=== | ===Transcription and Translation=== | ||
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*[[Ribozyme]] | *[[Ribozyme]] | ||
*[[Kink-turn motif]] | *[[Kink-turn motif]] | ||
*[[Sugar ring pucker]] | |||
*[[Pseudouridine]] | *[[Pseudouridine]] | ||
*[[Non-Standard Residue|Non-Standard Residues]] | *[[Non-Standard Residue|Non-Standard Residues]] | ||
