Sandbox Reserved 1091: Difference between revisions

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The '''predominant infection vector''' is through exposure to water harbouring ''Aeromonas sobria''. <ref>Joseph, S. W., O. P. Daily, W. S. Hunt, R. J. Seidler, D. A. Allen, and R. R. Colwell. 1979. Aeromonas primary wound infection of a diver in polluted waters. J. Clin. Microbiol. 10:46-49.</ref> <ref>Emerging Aeromonas Species Infections and Their Significance in Public Health, Isoken H. Igbinosa, ScientificWorldJournal, 625023 (2012)</ref>
The '''predominant infection vector''' is through exposure to water harbouring ''Aeromonas sobria''. <ref>Joseph, S. W., O. P. Daily, W. S. Hunt, R. J. Seidler, D. A. Allen, and R. R. Colwell. 1979. Aeromonas primary wound infection of a diver in polluted waters. J. Clin. Microbiol. 10:46-49.</ref> <ref>Emerging Aeromonas Species Infections and Their Significance in Public Health, Isoken H. Igbinosa, ScientificWorldJournal, 625023 (2012)</ref>
This pathogen commonly adheres to the surface of the intestine, causing diarrhea. In the intestine type, mortality is law. At the opposite, it can also be nonintestinal where Pili facilitate the adherence of ''Aeromonas'' to human buccal cells.<ref>Cleavage specificity of serine protease of Aeromonas sobria, a member of the kexin family of subtilases., H. Kobayashi, Okayama University, Japan,FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 256, Issue 1, March 2006, Pages 165–170,</ref>. Once invaded the intestine epithelial cells, ''Aeromonas'' can reach any organ via the blood. Multiple virulence factor than promote their pathogenicity.
This pathogen commonly adheres to the surface of the intestine, causing diarrhea. In the intestine type, mortality is law. At the opposite, it can also be nonintestinal where Pili facilitate the adherence of ''Aeromonas'' to human buccal cells.<ref>Cleavage specificity of serine protease of Aeromonas sobria, a member of the kexin family of subtilases., H. Kobayashi, Okayama University, Japan,FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 256, Issue 1, March 2006, Pages 165–170,</ref>. Once invaded the intestine epithelial cells, ''Aeromonas'' can reach any organ via the blood. Multiple virulence factors promote their pathogenicity.


Thus,'' A. sobria'' caused diseases like [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780407013209500121 gastroenteritis]  (intestinal form causing diarrhea) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis septicemia] or [https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/15%3A_Diseases/15.4%3A_Microbial_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/15.4C%3A_Meningitis meningitis] (nonintestinal form) which both can lead to death.
Thus,'' A. sobria'' causes diseases like [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780407013209500121 gastroenteritis]  (intestinal form causing diarrhea) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis septicemia] or [https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/15%3A_Diseases/15.4%3A_Microbial_Diseases_of_the_Nervous_System/15.4C%3A_Meningitis meningitis] (nonintestinal form) which both can lead to death.


The ASP induced '''proteolysis digestion of proteins''' like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kininogen kininogen], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin prothrombin], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinogen fibrinogen] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekallikrein prekallikrein] at restricted sites generates fragments, expressing their own activity and therefore inducing specific physiological reactions. For example, the prothrombin system activation promotes plasma coagulation.  
The ASP induced '''proteolysis digestion of proteins''' like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kininogen kininogen], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin prothrombin], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinogen fibrinogen] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekallikrein prekallikrein] at restricted sites generates fragments, expressing their own activity and therefore inducing specific physiological reactions. For example, the prothrombin system activation promotes plasma coagulation.  


In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinin–kallikrein_system  '''kallikrein/kinin system'''], the ASP induces the production of kinin from kininogen (low MW or high MW). The kinin also released caused edema at the infection site and shock in the circulation. <ref>Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Gary S. Firestein, Goldman’s Cecil Medicine (Twenty Fourth Edition) (2012)</ref>
In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinin–kallikrein_system  '''kallikrein/kinin system'''], the ASP induces the production of kinin from kininogen (low MW or high MW). The kinin also released, causes edema at the infection site and shock in the circulation. <ref>Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Gary S. Firestein, Goldman’s Cecil Medicine (Twenty Fourth Edition) (2012)</ref>


Experiments have been done to try to reduce the virulence activity of ASP. It has been demonstrated that the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-2_macroglobuline α2-macroglobulin], a plasma protein, can limit ASP activity. This protein can bind to ASP which is thus inactivated. <ref>Inhibition of Aeromonas sobria serine protease (ASP) by α2-macroglobulin. Murakami Y et al. Biol Chem. 393(10):1193-200 (2012)</ref>
Experiments have been done to try to reduce the virulence activity of ASP. It has been demonstrated that the [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-2_macroglobuline α2-macroglobulin], a plasma protein, can limit ASP activity. This protein can bind to ASP which is thus inactivated. <ref>Inhibition of Aeromonas sobria serine protease (ASP) by α2-macroglobulin. Murakami Y et al. Biol Chem. 393(10):1193-200 (2012)</ref>
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